Three novel mutations and genetic epidemiology analysis of the Gap Junction Beta 1 (GJB1) gene among Hungarian Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease patients.

Pathogenic variants of the gap junction beta 1 (GJB1) gene are responsible for the Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy X type 1 (CMTX1). In this study, we report the mutation frequency of GJB1 in 210 Hungarian CMT patients and the phenotype comparison between male and female CMTX1 patients. Altogether, 13 missense substitutions were found in the GJB1 gene. Among them, 10 have been previously described as pathogenic variants (p.Arg15Trp, p.Val63Ile, p.Leu89Val, p.Ala96Gly, p.Arg107Trp, p.Arg142Gln, p.Arg164Trp, p.Arg164Gln, p.Pro172Ala and p.Asn205Ser), while 3 were novel, likely pathogenic alterations (p.Val13Glu, p.Glu186Gly, p.Met194Ile). These variants were not present in controls and were predicted as disease causing by in silico analysis. The frequency of the variants was 6.7% in our cohort which refers to a common cause of hereditary neuropathy among Hungarian patients. In addition to the classical phenotype, CNS involvement was proved in 26.1% of the CMTX1 patients. GJB1 pathogenic alterations were found mainly in males but we also detected them in female probands. The statistical analysis of CMTX1 patients revealed a significant difference between the two genders regarding the age of onset, Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy and examination scores.