Sandra Larcher1, Anne-Sophie Gauchez2, Sandrine Lablanche3, Jean-Louis Pépin4, Pierre-Yves Benhamou1, Anne-Laure Borel5. 1. Grenoble Alpes University HospitalPole DIGIDUNE, Department of Endocrinology, Grenoble, France. 2. Grenoble Alpes University HospitalPole biology, "Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie", Grenoble, France UMR-S INSERM 1039. 3. Grenoble Alpes University HospitalPole DIGIDUNE, Department of Endocrinology, Grenoble, France "Laboratoire de bioénergétique fondamentale et appliquée"INSERM U1055. 4. Hypoxia Pathophysiology LaboratoryINSERM U1042, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France Grenoble Alpes University HospitalPole Thorax et Vaisseaux, Physiology, Sleep and Exercise Clinic, Grenoble, France. 5. Grenoble Alpes University HospitalPole DIGIDUNE, Department of Endocrinology, Grenoble, France Hypoxia Pathophysiology LaboratoryINSERM U1042, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France alborel@chu-grenoble.fr.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Sleep behavior is changing toward shorter sleep duration and a later chronotype. It results in a sleep debt that is acquitted on work-free days, inducing a small but recurrent sleep misalignment each week, referred to as "social jetlag". These sleep habits could affect health through misalignment with circadian rhythms. OBJECTIVES: The primary objective is to address the impact of sleep behavior on glycemic control, assessed by HbA1c, in patients with type 1 diabetes, independently of other lifestyle or sleep-related factors. The secondary objective is to address whether circadian phase affects glycemic control. DESIGN: In total, 80 adult patients with type 1 diabetes (46% female) were included in a clinical cohort study. METHODS: Sleep behavior was addressed objectively by a 7-day actimetry, lifestyle by questionnaires, sleep breathing disorders by nocturnal oximetry and circadian phase by dim light melatonin onset (DLMO). RESULTS: Univariate analyses showed that chronotype (r = 0.23, P = 0.042) and social jetlag (r = 0.30, P = 0.008) were significantly associated with HbA1c. In multivariable analysis, social jetlag was the only sleep habit independently associated with HbA1c (β = 0.012 (0.006; 0.017), P < 0.001). HbA1c was lower in patients with a social jetlag below versus above the median (7.7% (7.1-8.7) and 8.7% (7.6-9.8), P = 0.011). DLMO was not associated with HbA1c. However, the later the DLMO, the worse the sleep efficiency (r = -0.41, P < 0.001) and fragmentation index (r = 0.35, P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Social jetlag, a small but recurrent circadian misalignment, is associated with worse glycemic control in type 1 diabetes, whereas circadian phase is not. Further intervention studies should address the potential improvement of glycemic control by correcting social jetlag.
BACKGROUND:Sleep behavior is changing toward shorter sleep duration and a later chronotype. It results in a sleep debt that is acquitted on work-free days, inducing a small but recurrent sleep misalignment each week, referred to as "social jetlag". These sleep habits could affect health through misalignment with circadian rhythms. OBJECTIVES: The primary objective is to address the impact of sleep behavior on glycemic control, assessed by HbA1c, in patients with type 1 diabetes, independently of other lifestyle or sleep-related factors. The secondary objective is to address whether circadian phase affects glycemic control. DESIGN: In total, 80 adult patients with type 1 diabetes (46% female) were included in a clinical cohort study. METHODS:Sleep behavior was addressed objectively by a 7-day actimetry, lifestyle by questionnaires, sleep breathing disorders by nocturnal oximetry and circadian phase by dim light melatonin onset (DLMO). RESULTS: Univariate analyses showed that chronotype (r = 0.23, P = 0.042) and social jetlag (r = 0.30, P = 0.008) were significantly associated with HbA1c. In multivariable analysis, social jetlag was the only sleep habit independently associated with HbA1c (β = 0.012 (0.006; 0.017), P < 0.001). HbA1c was lower in patients with a social jetlag below versus above the median (7.7% (7.1-8.7) and 8.7% (7.6-9.8), P = 0.011). DLMO was not associated with HbA1c. However, the later the DLMO, the worse the sleep efficiency (r = -0.41, P < 0.001) and fragmentation index (r = 0.35, P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Social jetlag, a small but recurrent circadian misalignment, is associated with worse glycemic control in type 1 diabetes, whereas circadian phase is not. Further intervention studies should address the potential improvement of glycemic control by correcting social jetlag.
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