E R Allanson1,2, Ö Tunçalp3, J Gardosi4, R C Pattinson5, A Francis4, J P Vogel3, Jjhm Erwich6, V J Flenady7,8, J F Frøen9, J Neilson10,11, A Quach12, D Chou3, M Mathai13, L Say3, A M Gülmezoglu3. 1. Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, School of Women's and Infants' Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia. Emma.allanson@gmail.com, allansone@who.int. 2. Department of Reproductive Health and Research including UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. Emma.allanson@gmail.com, allansone@who.int. 3. Department of Reproductive Health and Research including UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. 4. Perinatal Institute, Birmingham, UK. 5. SAMRC Maternal and Infant Health Care Strategies Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. 6. Department of Obstetrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands. 7. Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland (MRI-UQ), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. 8. International Stillbirth Alliance, Bristol, UK. 9. Department of International Public Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway. 10. Centre for Intervention Science for Maternal and Child Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. 11. Centre for Women's Health Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK. 12. Pacific Northwest University of Health Sciences, Yakima, Washington, USA. 13. Maternal & Perinatal Health, Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child & Adolescent Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To apply the World Health Organization (WHO) Application of the International Classification of Diseases, tenth revision (ICD-10) to deaths during the perinatal period: ICD-Perinatal Mortality (ICD-PM) to existing perinatal death databases. DESIGN: Retrospective application of ICD-PM. SETTING: South Africa, UK. POPULATION: Perinatal death databases. METHODS: Deaths were grouped according to timing of death and then by the ICD-PM cause of death. The main maternal condition at the time of perinatal death was assigned to each case. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Causes of perinatal mortality, associated maternal conditions. RESULTS: In South Africa 344/689 (50%) deaths occurred antepartum, 11% (n = 74) intrapartum and 39% (n = 271) in the early neonatal period. In the UK 4377/9067 (48.3%) deaths occurred antepartum, with 457 (5%) intrapartum and 4233 (46.7%) in the neonatal period. Antepartum deaths were due to unspecified causes (59%), chromosomal abnormalities (21%) or problems related to fetal growth (14%). Intrapartum deaths followed acute intrapartum events (69%); neonatal deaths followed consequences of low birthweight/ prematurity (31%), chromosomal abnormalities (26%), or unspecified causes in healthy mothers (25%). Mothers were often healthy; 53%, 38% and 45% in the antepartum, intrapartum and neonatal death groups, respectively. Where there was a maternal condition, it was most often maternal medical conditions, and complications of placenta, cord and membranes. CONCLUSIONS: The ICD-PM can be a globally applicable perinatal death classification system that emphasises the need for a focus on the mother-baby dyad as we move beyond 2015. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: ICD-PM is a global system that classifies perinatal deaths and links them to maternal conditions.
OBJECTIVE: To apply the World Health Organization (WHO) Application of the International Classification of Diseases, tenth revision (ICD-10) to deaths during the perinatal period: ICD-Perinatal Mortality (ICD-PM) to existing perinatal death databases. DESIGN: Retrospective application of ICD-PM. SETTING: South Africa, UK. POPULATION: Perinatal death databases. METHODS: Deaths were grouped according to timing of death and then by the ICD-PM cause of death. The main maternal condition at the time of perinatal death was assigned to each case. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Causes of perinatal mortality, associated maternal conditions. RESULTS: In South Africa 344/689 (50%) deaths occurred antepartum, 11% (n = 74) intrapartum and 39% (n = 271) in the early neonatal period. In the UK 4377/9067 (48.3%) deaths occurred antepartum, with 457 (5%) intrapartum and 4233 (46.7%) in the neonatal period. Antepartum deaths were due to unspecified causes (59%), chromosomal abnormalities (21%) or problems related to fetal growth (14%). Intrapartum deaths followed acute intrapartum events (69%); neonatal deaths followed consequences of low birthweight/ prematurity (31%), chromosomal abnormalities (26%), or unspecified causes in healthy mothers (25%). Mothers were often healthy; 53%, 38% and 45% in the antepartum, intrapartum and neonatal death groups, respectively. Where there was a maternal condition, it was most often maternal medical conditions, and complications of placenta, cord and membranes. CONCLUSIONS: The ICD-PM can be a globally applicable perinatal death classification system that emphasises the need for a focus on the mother-baby dyad as we move beyond 2015. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: ICD-PM is a global system that classifies perinatal deaths and links them to maternal conditions.
Authors: E M McClure; A Garces; S Saleem; J L Moore; C L Bose; F Esamai; S S Goudar; E Chomba; M Mwenechanya; O Pasha; A Tshefu; A Patel; S M Dhaded; C Tenge; I Marete; M Bauserman; S Sunder; B S Kodkany; W A Carlo; R J Derman; P L Hibberd; E A Liechty; K M Hambidge; N F Krebs; M Koso-Thomas; M Miodovnik; D D Wallace; R L Goldenberg Journal: BJOG Date: 2017-01-31 Impact factor: 6.531
Authors: Susannah Hopkins Leisher; Zheyi Teoh; Hanna Reinebrant; Emma Allanson; Hannah Blencowe; Jan Jaap Erwich; J Frederik Frøen; Jason Gardosi; Sanne Gordijn; A Metin Gülmezoglu; Alexander E P Heazell; Fleurisca Korteweg; Joy Lawn; Elizabeth M McClure; Robert Pattinson; Gordon C S Smith; Ӧzge Tunçalp; Aleena M Wojcieszek; Vicki Flenady Journal: BMC Pregnancy Childbirth Date: 2016-09-15 Impact factor: 3.007
Authors: Susannah Hopkins Leisher; Zheyi Teoh; Hanna Reinebrant; Emma Allanson; Hannah Blencowe; Jan Jaap Erwich; J Frederik Frøen; Jason Gardosi; Sanne Gordijn; A Metin Gülmezoglu; Alexander E P Heazell; Fleurisca Korteweg; Joy Lawn; Elizabeth M McClure; Robert Pattinson; Gordon C S Smith; Ӧzge Tunçalp; Aleena M Wojcieszek; Vicki Flenady Journal: BMC Pregnancy Childbirth Date: 2016-10-05 Impact factor: 3.007
Authors: Zita D Prüst; Kim J C Verschueren; Gieta A A Bhikha-Kori; Lachmi R Kodan; Kitty W M Bloemenkamp; Joyce L Browne; Marcus J Rijken Journal: Glob Health Action Date: 2020-12-31 Impact factor: 2.640
Authors: Tina Lavin; Emma R Allanson; Lee Nedkoff; David B Preen; Robert C Pattinson Journal: Bull World Health Organ Date: 2018-10-17 Impact factor: 9.408