E Bekhuis1, R A Schoevers1, C D van Borkulo1, J G M Rosmalen1, L Boschloo1. 1. Department of Psychiatry,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen,Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE),Groningen,The Netherlands.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) often co-occur with somatic symptomatology. Little is known about the contributions of individual symptoms to this association and more insight into their relationships could help to identify symptoms that are central in the processes behind the co-occurrence. This study explores associations between individual MDD/GAD symptoms and somatic symptoms by using the network approach. METHOD: MDD/GAD symptoms were assessed in 2704 participants (mean age 41.7 years, 66.1% female) from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety using the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology. Somatic symptoms were assessed with the somatization scale of the Four-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire. The technique eLasso was used to estimate the network of MDD/GAD and somatic symptoms. RESULTS: The network structure showed numerous associations between MDD/GAD and somatic symptoms. In general, neurovegetative and cognitive/affective MDD/GAD symptoms showed a similar strength of connections to the somatic domain. However, associations varied substantially across individual symptoms. MDD/GAD symptoms with many and strong associations to the somatic domain included anxiety and fatigue, whereas hypersomnia and insomnia showed no connections to somatic symptoms. Among somatic symptoms, excessive perspiration and pressure/tight feeling in chest were associated with the MDD/GAD domain, while muscle pain and tingling in fingers showed only a few weak associations. CONCLUSIONS: Individual symptoms show differential associations in the co-occurrence of MDD/GAD with somatic symptomatology. Strongly interconnected symptoms are important in furthering our understanding of the interaction between the symptom domains, and may be valuable targets for future research and treatment.
BACKGROUND: Major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) often co-occur with somatic symptomatology. Little is known about the contributions of individual symptoms to this association and more insight into their relationships could help to identify symptoms that are central in the processes behind the co-occurrence. This study explores associations between individual MDD/GAD symptoms and somatic symptoms by using the network approach. METHOD:MDD/GAD symptoms were assessed in 2704 participants (mean age 41.7 years, 66.1% female) from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety using the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology. Somatic symptoms were assessed with the somatization scale of the Four-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire. The technique eLasso was used to estimate the network of MDD/GAD and somatic symptoms. RESULTS: The network structure showed numerous associations between MDD/GAD and somatic symptoms. In general, neurovegetative and cognitive/affective MDD/GAD symptoms showed a similar strength of connections to the somatic domain. However, associations varied substantially across individual symptoms. MDD/GAD symptoms with many and strong associations to the somatic domain included anxiety and fatigue, whereas hypersomnia and insomnia showed no connections to somatic symptoms. Among somatic symptoms, excessive perspiration and pressure/tight feeling in chest were associated with the MDD/GAD domain, while muscle pain and tingling in fingers showed only a few weak associations. CONCLUSIONS: Individual symptoms show differential associations in the co-occurrence of MDD/GAD with somatic symptomatology. Strongly interconnected symptoms are important in furthering our understanding of the interaction between the symptom domains, and may be valuable targets for future research and treatment.
Authors: Ella Bekhuis; Robert Schoevers; Marrit de Boer; Jaap Peen; Jack Dekker; Henricus Van; Lynn Boschloo Journal: Psychother Psychosom Date: 2018-03-01 Impact factor: 17.659
Authors: Lynn Boschloo; Ella Bekhuis; Erica S Weitz; Mirjam Reijnders; Robert J DeRubeis; Sona Dimidjian; David L Dunner; Boadie W Dunlop; Ulrich Hegerl; Steven D Hollon; Robin B Jarrett; Sidney H Kennedy; Jeanne Miranda; David C Mohr; Anne D Simons; Gordon Parker; Frank Petrak; Stephan Herpertz; Lena C Quilty; A John Rush; Zindel V Segal; Jeffrey R Vittengl; Robert A Schoevers; Pim Cuijpers Journal: World Psychiatry Date: 2019-06 Impact factor: 49.548
Authors: Shari S Rogal; Viyan Udawatta; Imo Akpan; Akshata Moghe; Alexis Chidi; Amit Shetty; Eva Szigethy; Klaus Bielefeldt; Andrea DiMartini Journal: PLoS One Date: 2017-11-17 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Melanie P J Schellekens; Marije D J Wolvers; Maya J Schroevers; Tom I Bootsma; Angélique O J Cramer; Marije L van der Lee Journal: J Behav Med Date: 2019-08-22