| Literature DB >> 27521191 |
Nidia Quillinan1, Paco S Herson2, Richard J Traystman3.
Abstract
Every year in the United States, millions of individuals incur ischemic brain injury from stroke, cardiac arrest, or traumatic brain injury. These acquired brain injuries can lead to death or long-term neurologic and neuropsychological impairments. The mechanisms of ischemic and traumatic brain injury that lead to these deficiencies result from a complex interplay of interdependent molecular pathways, including excitotoxicity, acidotoxicity, ionic imbalance, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. This article reviews several mechanisms of brain injury and discusses recent developments. Although much is known from animal models of injury, it has been difficult to translate these effects to humans.Entities:
Keywords: Apoptosis; Excitotoxicity; Mechanisms of ischemic brain injury; Neuroinflammation; Neurovascular unit; Oxidative stress; Synaptic plasticity; Translation
Mesh:
Substances:
Year: 2016 PMID: 27521191 PMCID: PMC5214884 DOI: 10.1016/j.anclin.2016.04.011
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Anesthesiol Clin ISSN: 1932-2275