| Literature DB >> 27516823 |
Mariam Doumbia1, Jean Uwingabiye1, Aboubacar Bissan1, Razine Rachid1, Souad Benkirane1, Azlarab Masrar1.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe epidemiological, cytologic and immunophenotypic aspects of acute leukemias (AL) in children diagnosed at IBN SINA University Hospital Center and to determine the concordance between cytology and immunophenotyping results. This is a cross-sectional study conducted in the hematology laboratory of IBN SINA University Hospital Center between June 2012 and May 2014. Among the 104 cases with diagnosed AL, 52% were boys with a sex-ratio H/F= 1.32, the average age was 5.7 years. The distribution of different types of AL was: lymphoid AL (LAL) (74%), myeloid (AML) (20.2%), biphenotypic AL (BAL) (65.8%). Among the LALs, 78% were classified as B LAL and 22% as T LAL. Clinical signs were mainly presented with tumor syndrome (73.1%), fever (61%) and hemorrhagic syndrome (50%). The most common blood count abnormalities were: thrombopenia (89.4%), anemia (86.5%), hyperleukocytosis (79.8%). The rate of peripheral and bone marrow blasts was statistically higher for LAL than for AML and BAL (p <0.001). The rate of relapse and mortality was 21.2% and 16. 3% respectively. Concordance rate between the results of cytology and of immunophenotyping was 92.7% for LAL and 82.6% for AML. Diagnosis of AL is always based primarily on cytology. Immunophenotyping allowed us to make a better distinction between acute leukemias. The management of paediatric AL is a major health problem which requires specialized care centers.Entities:
Keywords: Acute leukemia; child; cytology; epidemiology; immunophenotyping
Mesh:
Year: 2016 PMID: 27516823 PMCID: PMC4963173 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2016.23.258.8396
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Pan Afr Med J
Caractéristiques épidémiologiques, cliniques, hématologiques et évolution clinique des patients en fonction de type de leucémie
| Paramètres | Total N=104 | LAL N=77 | LAM N=21 | LAB N=6 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Sexe | 54 (51,9) | 44(57,1) | 8(38,1) | 2(33,3) | 0,186 |
| F | 50(48,1) | 33 (42,9) | 13(61,9) | 4(66,7) | |
| Sex-ratio M/F | 1,12 | 1,33 | 0,61 | 0,5 | |
| Age | 5,7[3 - 9] | 5 [2,8 - 8] | 9[5 -12] | 5,3[3,1-8,5] | 0,02 |
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| Leucocytes (G/L) | 24,9[7,9- 62,2] | 25 [7,9-78,4] | 13,6 [7,5-44,9] | 19,7 [9,7-81,4] | 0,68 |
| Hémoglobines (G/L) | 6 [4,5-8,3] | 6 [4,7-8,8] | 5,8 [4-7,5] | 7[5-8] | 0,36 |
| Plaquettes (G/L) | 35 [12-78] | 44 [13-79,5] | 19 [7,5-60] | 15[12-57] | 0,32 |
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| Anémie | 90(86,5) | 65(84,4) | 20(95,2) | 5(99) | 0,42 |
| Thrombopénie | 93(89,4) | 68(88,3) | 19(90,5) | 6(100) | 0,659 |
| Hyperleucocytose | 83(79,80) | 67(87,01) | 16(84,21) | 6(75) | 0,13 |
| Leucopénie | 11(10,6) | 7(9,1) | 2(9,5) | 1(10) | 0,17 |
| Pancytopénie | 5(4,8) | 4(5,19) | 1(5,26) | 0(0) | 0,15 |
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| Blastes(%) | 88 [74 - 92] | 83,2 [48-95] | 50 [19-81] | 76[55-89] | <0,001 |
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| Blastes(%) | 90 [79 - 93] | 90,4 [87-99] | 78 [53-88] | 81[77-89] | <0,001 |
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| Syndrome tumoral | 76(73,1) | 57(74) | 13(65) | 6(85,7) | 0,53 |
| Fièvre | 64(61,5) | 54(70,1) | 6(30) | 4(57,1) | 0,004 |
| Syndrome | |||||
| hémorragique | 52(50) | 37(48,1) | 8(40) | 4(57,1) | 0,58 |
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| Rechute après traitement | 22(21,2) | 21(27,3) | 12(52,2) | 1(14,3) | 0,02 |
| Décès | 17(16,3) | 10(13) | 6(30) | 1(14,3) | 0,18 |
Les données ont été représentées sous forme de N(%)
Les données ont été représentées sous forme de médiane [Intervalle interquartile], LAL: Leucémie aigue lymphoblastique, LAM: Leucémie aigüe myéloïde, LAB: Leucémie aigue biphénotypique
Figure 1Le pourcentage des CD positifs pour chaque marqueurs lymphoïdes dans les LAL
Figure 2Le pourcentage des CD positifs pour chaque marqueur myéloïde dans les LAM
Confrontation entre la cytologie et l'immunophénotypage
| CYTOLOGIE | IMMUNOPHENOTYPAGE | % de CONCORDANCE |
|---|---|---|
| LAL 83 cas | LAL: 77 cas | 92,7% |
| LAB: 6 | ||
| LAM 21 cas | LAM: 19 cas | 82,6% |
| LAB: 2 cas |
LAL: Leucémie aigue lymphoblastique, LAM: Leucémie aigüe myéloïde, LAB: Leucémie aigue biphénotypique