Susi Ari Kristina1, Dwi Endarti2, Montarat Thavorncharoensap3. 1. Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia. Electronic address: susiarikristina@gmail.com. 2. Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia. Electronic address: dwi_endarti@yahoo.com. 3. Division of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri Ayudhaya Rd., Rajathevi, Phyathai, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand. Electronic address: montarat.tha@mahidol.ac.th.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cancer is an increasing problem in ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations). Tobacco use is a well-established risk factor for many types of cancers. Evidence on burden of cancer attributable to tobacco is essential to raise public and political awareness of the negative effects of tobacco on cancer and to be used to stimulate political action aims at reducing smoking prevalence in ASEAN member countries. The objective of this study was to estimate burden of cancer attributable to tobacco smoking in ASEAN, 2012. METHODS: In this study, smoking prevalence was combined with Relative Risks (RRs) of cancer to obtain Smoking Attributable Fractions (SAFs). Cancer incidence and mortality data among individuals aged 15 years and older were derived from GLOBOCAN 2012. Fourteen types of cancer were included in the analysis. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to examine the impact of the use of alternative RRs and the use of alternative prevalence of smoking in some countries. RESULTS: The findings showed that tobacco smoking was responsible for 131,502 cancer incidence and 105,830 cancer mortality in ASEAN countries in 2012. In other words, tobacco smoking was accounted for 28.4% (43.3% in male and 8.5% in female) of cancer incidence and 30.5% (44.2% in male and 9.4% in female) of cancer mortality in ASEAN. When looking at the types of cancer, lung cancer showed the strongest association with tobacco smoking. Incidence of cancer and cancer mortality attributable to tobacco smoking varied by countries due to the differences in size of population, background risk of cancer, and prevalence of smoking in each country. According to the sensitivity analyses, RRs of lung cancer, pharynx cancer, and larynx cancer used in the estimates have significant impact on the estimates. CONCLUSIONS: As about one-third of cancer incidence and mortality in ASEAN are attributable to tobacco smoking ASEAN member countries are strongly encouraged to put in place stronger tobacco control policies and to strengthen the existing tobacco control measure in order to effectively control cancer.
BACKGROUND:Cancer is an increasing problem in ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations). Tobacco use is a well-established risk factor for many types of cancers. Evidence on burden of cancer attributable to tobacco is essential to raise public and political awareness of the negative effects of tobacco on cancer and to be used to stimulate political action aims at reducing smoking prevalence in ASEAN member countries. The objective of this study was to estimate burden of cancer attributable to tobacco smoking in ASEAN, 2012. METHODS: In this study, smoking prevalence was combined with Relative Risks (RRs) of cancer to obtain Smoking Attributable Fractions (SAFs). Cancer incidence and mortality data among individuals aged 15 years and older were derived from GLOBOCAN 2012. Fourteen types of cancer were included in the analysis. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to examine the impact of the use of alternative RRs and the use of alternative prevalence of smoking in some countries. RESULTS: The findings showed that tobacco smoking was responsible for 131,502 cancer incidence and 105,830 cancer mortality in ASEAN countries in 2012. In other words, tobacco smoking was accounted for 28.4% (43.3% in male and 8.5% in female) of cancer incidence and 30.5% (44.2% in male and 9.4% in female) of cancer mortality in ASEAN. When looking at the types of cancer, lung cancer showed the strongest association with tobacco smoking. Incidence of cancer and cancer mortality attributable to tobacco smoking varied by countries due to the differences in size of population, background risk of cancer, and prevalence of smoking in each country. According to the sensitivity analyses, RRs of lung cancer, pharynx cancer, and larynx cancer used in the estimates have significant impact on the estimates. CONCLUSIONS: As about one-third of cancer incidence and mortality in ASEAN are attributable to tobacco smoking ASEAN member countries are strongly encouraged to put in place stronger tobacco control policies and to strengthen the existing tobacco control measure in order to effectively control cancer.
Authors: Saeid Safiri; Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi; Morteza Abdollahi; Kristin Carson-Chahhoud; Jay S Kaufman; Nicola Luigi Bragazzi; Maziar Moradi-Lakeh; Mohammad Ali Mansournia; Mark J M Sullman; Amir Almasi-Hashiani; Ali Taghizadieh; Gary S Collins; Ali-Asghar Kolahi Journal: Cancer Med Date: 2022-05-27 Impact factor: 4.711
Authors: Susi Ari Kristina; Ni Putu Ayu Linda Permitasari; Kadek Ida Krisnadewi; Karina Anindita Santosa Journal: Asian Pac J Cancer Prev Date: 2019-03-26
Authors: Susi Ari Kristina; Ni Putu Ayu Linda Permitasari; Kadek Ida Krisnadewi; Karina Anindita Santoso; Pia Rika Puspawati; Wa Ode Masrida; Yuni Andriani Journal: Asian Pac J Cancer Prev Date: 2019-10-01