Growth Factor-Loaded Nano-niosomal Gel Formulation and Characterization.

Controlled delivery of signaling factors could be a great approach in the tissue engineering field. Nano-niosomal drug delivery systems offer numerous advantages for this purpose. The present study reports the formulation and evaluation of a growth factor (GF)-loaded nano-niosome-hydrogel composite for GF delivery to modulate cell behavior. Niosomes were prepared, using span 60 surfactant with cholesterol (CH) in diethyl ether solvent, by reverse-phase evaporation technique. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were loaded simultaneously and the final suspension was embedded into agarose hydrogel. Particle size, vesicle morphology, protein entrapment efficiency (EE), and release profile were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) nanoparticle size analyzer, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and NanoDrop spectrophotometry methods, respectively. The release and performance of bFGF were revealed via human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation using microscopy imaging and MTT assay. Nano-niosomes had an average particle size of 232 nm and had encapsulated 58% of the total proteins present in the suspension. bFGF-BSA-loaded niosomal gel considerably enhanced HUVEC proliferation. This GF-loaded niosomal hydrogel could be a potent material in many biomedical applications including the induction of angiogenesis in tissue engineering.