Justin G Trogdon1, Paul R Shafer2, Parth D Shah3, William A Calo4. 1. Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1101 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Campus Box 7411, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7411, United States. Electronic address: justintrogdon@unc.edu. 2. Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1101 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Campus Box 7411, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7411, United States. Electronic address: shaferp@live.unc.edu. 3. Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 302 Rosenau Hall, Campus Box 7440, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7440, United States. Electronic address: pdshah@email.unc.edu. 4. Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1101 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Campus Box 7411, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7411, United States. Electronic address: wacalo@live.unc.edu.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: We explored whether state laws allowing pharmacists to administer human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccinations to adolescents are associated with a higher likelihood of HPV vaccine uptake. METHODS: We examined provider-reported HPV vaccination among 13-17year olds in the National Immunization Survey-Teen: 2008-2014 for girls (N=48,754) and 2010-2014 for boys (N=31,802). Outcome variables were HPV vaccine initiation (⩾1 dose) and completion (⩾3 doses). The explanatory variable of interest was a categorical variable for the type of pharmacist authority regarding HPV vaccination for adolescents (<18years) in the state: not permitted (reference), by prescription, by collaborative practice protocol, or independent authority. We ran separate difference-in-difference regression models by sex. RESULTS: During 2008-2014, 15 states passed laws allowing pharmacists to administer HPV vaccine to adolescents. Pharmacist authority laws were not statistically significantly associated with increased HPV vaccine initiation or completion. CONCLUSIONS: As currently implemented, state laws allowing pharmacists to administer HPV vaccine to adolescents were not associated with uptake. Possible explanations that need further research include restrictions on pharmacists' third-party billing ability and the lack of promotion of pharmacy vaccination services to age-eligible adolescents.
OBJECTIVES: We explored whether state laws allowing pharmacists to administer human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccinations to adolescents are associated with a higher likelihood of HPV vaccine uptake. METHODS: We examined provider-reported HPV vaccination among 13-17year olds in the National Immunization Survey-Teen: 2008-2014 for girls (N=48,754) and 2010-2014 for boys (N=31,802). Outcome variables were HPV vaccine initiation (⩾1 dose) and completion (⩾3 doses). The explanatory variable of interest was a categorical variable for the type of pharmacist authority regarding HPV vaccination for adolescents (<18years) in the state: not permitted (reference), by prescription, by collaborative practice protocol, or independent authority. We ran separate difference-in-difference regression models by sex. RESULTS: During 2008-2014, 15 states passed laws allowing pharmacists to administer HPV vaccine to adolescents. Pharmacist authority laws were not statistically significantly associated with increased HPV vaccine initiation or completion. CONCLUSIONS: As currently implemented, state laws allowing pharmacists to administer HPV vaccine to adolescents were not associated with uptake. Possible explanations that need further research include restrictions on pharmacists' third-party billing ability and the lack of promotion of pharmacy vaccination services to age-eligible adolescents.
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