Therapeutic efficacy of PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies in statin-nonresponsive patients with hypercholesterolemia and dyslipidemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND AND
OBJECTIVE: Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and dyslipidemia are the predominant causes for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Clinical guidelines for lowering CVD risk have advocated that low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) must be reduced. The primary choice of therapy for controlling lipidemia has been statins, which are not completely effective. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9 (PCSK9), which interferes with LDL clearance from circulation, inversely relates to the LDL-C levels. The loss of statin efficacy is likely due to increased circulating PCSK9 and antibody therapy against PCSK9 has been found to be efficacious in lowering LDL-C. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of PCSK9-mAbs for lowering LDL-C, in statin non-responsive hypercholesterolemia patients. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, Scholar, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials of PCSK9 antibody-statin combination vs statin, published till 2015. Two reviewers independently screened the articles, and a collective decision was reached about the included studies in the metaanalysis. Parameters analyzed: change from baseline in LDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC); ApoB and ApoA1 levels.
RESULTS: A total of 12 studies with 4909 patients were selected. Overall, add-on therapy with PCSK9-mAb to the ongoing statin therapy was found to achieve greater reduction in LDL-C, ApoB, TC, compared to statin therapy. There were no major treatment emergent adverse effects due to PCSK9-mAb therapy.
CONCLUSIONS: In adult patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and dyslipidemia, PCSK9-mAb therapy in combination with statins was able to achieve the goal of lowering LDL-C.