Clare E Pain1, Tamás Constantin2, Natasa Toplak3, Monica Moll4, Christof Iking-Konert5, Daniella P Piotto6, Nuray Aktay Ayaz7, Dana Nemcova8, Peter H Hoeger9, Maurizio Cutolo10, Vanessa Smith11, Ivan Foeldvari12. 1. Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK. 2. Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary. 3. University Children's Hospital Ljubljana, Slovenia. 4. University Children's Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany. 5. Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany. 6. Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil. 7. Istanbul Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Education and Research Hospital, Turkey. 8. Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. 9. Department of Paediatric Dermatology, Cath. Children's Hospital, Wilhelmstift, Hamburg, Germany. 10. University of Genoa, Italy. 11. Ghent University Hospital, Belgium. 12. Hamburger Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendrheumatologie, Hamburg, Germany. foeldvari@t-online.de.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To develop recommendations for investigation and monitoring of children with Raynaud's syndrome, based on paediatric evidence collated by a systematic review. METHODS: A systematic review was undertaken to establish the paediatric evidence for assessment and monitoring of Raynaud's syndrome. An expert panel including members of the Paediatric Rheumatology European Society (PRES) Scleroderma Working Group, were invited to a consensus meeting where recommendations were developed based on evidence graded by the systematic review and where evidence was lacking, consensus opinion. A nominal technique was used where 75% consensus was taken as agreement. RESULTS: The expert panel recommended testing anti-nuclear antibody (ANA), more specific antibodies associated with connective tissue disease and nail-fold capillaroscopy in all children presenting with Raynaud's syndrome as data suggests these can be risk factors for evolution into a connective tissue disease. The frequency of follow-up recommended depends on presence of these risk factors with the aim to detect evolving connective tissue disease early in high risk individuals. Those with no abnormalities on capillaroscopy and negative autoantibodies were deemed low risk of progression, whereas those with ANA positivity, specific autoantibodies and/or nailfold capillary changes were deemed high risk and more frequent follow-up was recommended. CONCLUSIONS: Recommendations, primarily based on consensus opinion, were agreed regarding investigation and monitoring of children who present with Raynaud's syndrome. Further prospective studies are needed to better define the risk factors for progression to connective tissue disease.
OBJECTIVES: To develop recommendations for investigation and monitoring of children with Raynaud's syndrome, based on paediatric evidence collated by a systematic review. METHODS: A systematic review was undertaken to establish the paediatric evidence for assessment and monitoring of Raynaud's syndrome. An expert panel including members of the Paediatric Rheumatology European Society (PRES) Scleroderma Working Group, were invited to a consensus meeting where recommendations were developed based on evidence graded by the systematic review and where evidence was lacking, consensus opinion. A nominal technique was used where 75% consensus was taken as agreement. RESULTS: The expert panel recommended testing anti-nuclear antibody (ANA), more specific antibodies associated with connective tissue disease and nail-fold capillaroscopy in all children presenting with Raynaud's syndrome as data suggests these can be risk factors for evolution into a connective tissue disease. The frequency of follow-up recommended depends on presence of these risk factors with the aim to detect evolving connective tissue disease early in high risk individuals. Those with no abnormalities on capillaroscopy and negative autoantibodies were deemed low risk of progression, whereas those with ANA positivity, specific autoantibodies and/or nailfold capillary changes were deemed high risk and more frequent follow-up was recommended. CONCLUSIONS: Recommendations, primarily based on consensus opinion, were agreed regarding investigation and monitoring of children who present with Raynaud's syndrome. Further prospective studies are needed to better define the risk factors for progression to connective tissue disease.
Authors: Vanessa Smith; Carlo Alberto Scirè; Rosaria Talarico; Paolo Airo; Tobias Alexander; Yannick Allanore; Cosimo Bruni; Veronica Codullo; Virgil Dalm; Jeska De Vries-Bouwstra; Alessandra Della Rossa; Oliver Distler; Ilaria Galetti; David Launay; Gemma Lepri; Alexis Mathian; Luc Mouthon; Barbara Ruaro; Alberto Sulli; Angela Tincani; Els Vandecasteele; Amber Vanhaecke; Marie Vanthuyne; Frank Van den Hoogen; Ronald Van Vollenhoven; Alexandre E Voskuyl; Elisabetta Zanatta; Stefano Bombardieri; Gerd Burmester; Fonseca João Eurico; Charissa Frank; Eric Hachulla; Frederic Houssiau; Ulf Mueller-Ladner; Matthias Schneider; Jacob M van Laar; Ana Vieira; Maurizio Cutolo; Marta Mosca; Marco Matucci-Cerinic Journal: RMD Open Date: 2018-10-18