[Diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease: Possibilities of prediction, early diagnosis, and nephroprotection in the 21st century].

The. review gives data on the prognostic value of genetic markers when analyzing the risk of chronic kidney disease in diabetes mellitus, those on new possibilities of early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy using urinary biomarkers (nephrinuria, podocinuria) and proteomic urinalysis at the stage of normoalbuminuria. The interpretation of the index mrcroalbuminuria in type 2 diabetesis critically analyzed. The nephroprotective properties of novel classes of glucose-lowering drugs, such as incretins and gliflozins, are considered.