Tazeen H Jafar1, Asita de Silva, Aliya Naheed, Imtiaz Jehan, Feng Liang, Pryseley N Assam, Helena Legido-Quigley, Eric A Finkelstein, Shah Ebrahim, Rajitha Wickremasinghe, Dewan Alam, Aamir Hameed Khan. 1. aProgram in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore bDuke Global Health Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA cDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka dInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh eDepartment of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan fSingapore Clinical Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore gSaw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore hLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK iDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka jFaculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada kDepartment of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan *Asita de Silva, Aliya Naheed, and Imtiaz Jehan contributed equally to the writing of this article.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: High blood pressure (BP) is the leading attributable risk for cardiovascular disease globally. There is little information on effective and sustainable public health system strategies for managing hypertension in South Asian countries. We conducted a feasibility study to gather preliminary data to optimize BP-lowering strategies for a public health intervention in rural communities in Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. METHODS: A mixed method feasibility study comprised a 3-month pre and postevaluation of a multicomponent intervention (MCI), including BP screening and home health education by trained government community health worker (CHW); providers trained in hypertension management, and compensation of CHW for additional services. Checklists were used to document care. Stakeholder interviews were also conducted. Individuals aged 40 years and above with high BP (systolic ≥140 mmHg or diastolic ≥90 mmHg based on two readings from 2 separate days, or receiving antihypertensive medications) were enrolled from rural communities in Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. BP was measured at baseline and 3 months postintervention. RESULTS: A total of 412 (90%) of the 454 eligible individuals were recruited. Of those recruited, 90% received home health education session by trained CHWs, 80% were referred to trained providers, of whom 83% completed the management checklist. A follow-up rate of 95.6% was achieved. The mean SBP declined significantly by 4.5 mmHg 95% confidence interval (2.3, 6.7) mmHg (P < 0.001) in the overall pooled analysis in three countries; however, it varied among countries. BP decline was 10.5 mmHg (8.1, 13.0 mmHg) (P < 0.001) in the pooled analysis of individuals with uncontrolled hypertension at baseline, and was also significant each of the three countries. All 98 stakeholders strongly supported upscaling the proposed MCI strategies. CONCLUSION: The proposed MCI is feasible for implementation and requires long-term, large-scale evaluation in the rural public health infrastructure in South Asian countries to determine sustainability of health system changes and BP control. If these long-term effects are confirmed, MCI may be a long-term strategy for tackling rising rates of cardiovascular disease in low-resourced countries.Clintrial.gov NCT02341651.
BACKGROUND: High blood pressure (BP) is the leading attributable risk for cardiovascular disease globally. There is little information on effective and sustainable public health system strategies for managing hypertension in South Asian countries. We conducted a feasibility study to gather preliminary data to optimize BP-lowering strategies for a public health intervention in rural communities in Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. METHODS: A mixed method feasibility study comprised a 3-month pre and postevaluation of a multicomponent intervention (MCI), including BP screening and home health education by trained government community health worker (CHW); providers trained in hypertension management, and compensation of CHW for additional services. Checklists were used to document care. Stakeholder interviews were also conducted. Individuals aged 40 years and above with high BP (systolic ≥140 mmHg or diastolic ≥90 mmHg based on two readings from 2 separate days, or receiving antihypertensive medications) were enrolled from rural communities in Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. BP was measured at baseline and 3 months postintervention. RESULTS: A total of 412 (90%) of the 454 eligible individuals were recruited. Of those recruited, 90% received home health education session by trained CHWs, 80% were referred to trained providers, of whom 83% completed the management checklist. A follow-up rate of 95.6% was achieved. The mean SBP declined significantly by 4.5 mmHg 95% confidence interval (2.3, 6.7) mmHg (P < 0.001) in the overall pooled analysis in three countries; however, it varied among countries. BP decline was 10.5 mmHg (8.1, 13.0 mmHg) (P < 0.001) in the pooled analysis of individuals with uncontrolled hypertension at baseline, and was also significant each of the three countries. All 98 stakeholders strongly supported upscaling the proposed MCI strategies. CONCLUSION: The proposed MCI is feasible for implementation and requires long-term, large-scale evaluation in the rural public health infrastructure in South Asian countries to determine sustainability of health system changes and BP control. If these long-term effects are confirmed, MCI may be a long-term strategy for tackling rising rates of cardiovascular disease in low-resourced countries.Clintrial.gov NCT02341651.
Authors: Tazeen H Jafar; Imtiaz Jehan; H Asita de Silva; Aliya Naheed; Mihir Gandhi; Pryseley Assam; Eric A Finkelstein; Helena Legido Quigley; Marcel Bilger; Aamir Hameed Khan; John David Clemens; Shah Ebrahim; Elizabeth L Turner; Anuradhani Kasturiratne Journal: Trials Date: 2017-06-12 Impact factor: 2.279
Authors: T N Anand; Linju Maria Joseph; A V Geetha; Dorairaj Prabhakaran; Panniyammakal Jeemon Journal: Lancet Glob Health Date: 2019-06 Impact factor: 38.927
Authors: Helena Legido-Quigley; Aliya Naheed; H Asita de Silva; Imtiaz Jehan; Victoria Haldane; Benjamin Cobb; Saeideh Tavajoh; Nantu Chakma; Anuradhani Kasturiratne; Sahar Siddiqui; Tazeen H Jafar Journal: PLoS One Date: 2019-01-25 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Tazeen H Jafar; Ngiap Chuan Tan; John C Allen; Eric A Finkelstein; Paul Goh; Peter Moey; Joanne Hui Min Quah; Siew Wai Hwang; Juliana Bahadin; Anandan Gerard Thiagarajah; Jason Chan; Gary Kang; Agnes Koong Journal: Trials Date: 2018-03-14 Impact factor: 2.279
Authors: Mihir Gandhi; Pryseley Nkouibert Assam; Elizabeth L Turner; Donald E Morisky; Edwin Chan; Tazeen H Jafar Journal: Trials Date: 2018-11-29 Impact factor: 2.279