Luke J Connolly1, Nikolai B Nordsborg2, Michael Nyberg2, Pál Weihe3,4, Peter Krustrup1,2, Magni Mohr5,6. 1. Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK. 2. Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Integrative Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. 3. Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, The Faroese Hospital System, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands. 4. Faculty of Natural and Health Sciences, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands. 5. Faculty of Natural and Health Sciences, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands. magnim@setur.fo. 6. Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Sciences, Center for Health and Human Performance, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. magnim@setur.fo.
Abstract
PURPOSE: We tested the hypothesis that low-volume high-intensity swimming has a larger impact on insulin sensitivity and glucose control than high-volume low-intensity swimming in inactive premenopausal women with mild hypertension. METHODS:Sixty-two untrained premenopausal women were randomised to an inactive control (n = 20; CON), a high-intensity low-volume (n = 21; HIT) or a low-intensity high-volume (n = 21; LIT) training group. During the 15-week intervention period, HIT performed 3 weekly 6-10 × 30-s all-out swimming intervals (average heart rate (HR) = 86 ± 3 % HRmax) interspersed by 2-min recovery periods and LIT swam continuously for 1 h at low intensity (average HR = 73 ± 3 % HRmax). Fasting blood samples were taken and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was conducted pre- and post-intervention. RESULTS: After HIT, resting plasma [insulin] was lowered (17 ± 34 %; P < 0.05) but remained similar after LIT and CON. Following HIT, 60-min OGTT plasma [insulin] and [glucose] was lowered (24 ± 30 % and 10 ± 16 %; P < 0.05) but remained similar after LIT and CON. Total area under the curve for plasma [glucose] was lower (P < 0.05) after HIT than LIT (660 ± 141 vs. 860 ± 325 mmol min L(-1)). Insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR) had increased (P < 0.05) by 22 ± 34 % after HIT, with no significant change after LIT or CON, respectively. Plasma soluble intracellular cell adhesion molecule 1 was lowered (P < 0.05) by 4 ± 8 and 3 ± 9 % after HIT and CON, respectively, while plasma soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 had decreased (P < 0.05) by 8 ± 23 % after HIT only. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that low-volume high-intensity intermittent swimming is an effective and time-efficient training strategy for improving insulin sensitivity, glucose control and biomarkers of vascular function in inactive, middle-aged mildly hypertensive women.
RCT Entities:
PURPOSE: We tested the hypothesis that low-volume high-intensity swimming has a larger impact on insulin sensitivity and glucose control than high-volume low-intensity swimming in inactive premenopausal women with mild hypertension. METHODS: Sixty-two untrained premenopausal women were randomised to an inactive control (n = 20; CON), a high-intensity low-volume (n = 21; HIT) or a low-intensity high-volume (n = 21; LIT) training group. During the 15-week intervention period, HIT performed 3 weekly 6-10 × 30-s all-out swimming intervals (average heart rate (HR) = 86 ± 3 % HRmax) interspersed by 2-min recovery periods and LIT swam continuously for 1 h at low intensity (average HR = 73 ± 3 % HRmax). Fasting blood samples were taken and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was conducted pre- and post-intervention. RESULTS: After HIT, resting plasma [insulin] was lowered (17 ± 34 %; P < 0.05) but remained similar after LIT and CON. Following HIT, 60-min OGTT plasma [insulin] and [glucose] was lowered (24 ± 30 % and 10 ± 16 %; P < 0.05) but remained similar after LIT and CON. Total area under the curve for plasma [glucose] was lower (P < 0.05) after HIT than LIT (660 ± 141 vs. 860 ± 325 mmol min L(-1)). Insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR) had increased (P < 0.05) by 22 ± 34 % after HIT, with no significant change after LIT or CON, respectively. Plasma soluble intracellular cell adhesion molecule 1 was lowered (P < 0.05) by 4 ± 8 and 3 ± 9 % after HIT and CON, respectively, while plasma soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 had decreased (P < 0.05) by 8 ± 23 % after HIT only. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that low-volume high-intensity intermittent swimming is an effective and time-efficient training strategy for improving insulin sensitivity, glucose control and biomarkers of vascular function in inactive, middle-aged mildly hypertensivewomen.
Entities:
Keywords:
Blood glucose; Body composition; Metabolic health; Type 2 diabetes; Upper body exercise
Authors: Jenna B Gillen; Michael E Percival; Alison Ludzki; Mark A Tarnopolsky; Martin J Gibala Journal: Obesity (Silver Spring) Date: 2013-05-31 Impact factor: 5.002
Authors: Jonathan P Little; Jenna B Gillen; Michael E Percival; Adeel Safdar; Mark A Tarnopolsky; Zubin Punthakee; Mary E Jung; Martin J Gibala Journal: J Appl Physiol (1985) Date: 2011-08-25
Authors: Cody Durrer; Emily Robinson; Zhongxiao Wan; Nic Martinez; Michelle L Hummel; Nathan T Jenkins; Marcus W Kilpatrick; Jonathan P Little Journal: PLoS One Date: 2015-02-24 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: René Rizzoli; John C Stevenson; Jürgen M Bauer; Luc J C van Loon; Stéphane Walrand; John A Kanis; Cyrus Cooper; Maria-Luisa Brandi; Adolfo Diez-Perez; Jean-Yves Reginster Journal: Maturitas Date: 2014-07-17 Impact factor: 4.342
Authors: Magni Mohr; Nikolai Baastrup Nordsborg; Annika Lindenskov; Hildigunn Steinholm; Hans Petur Nielsen; Jann Mortensen; Pal Weihe; Peter Krustrup Journal: Biomed Res Int Date: 2014-04-10 Impact factor: 3.411
Authors: Gordon Fisher; Barbara A Gower; Fernando Ovalle; Christian E Behrens; Gary R Hunter Journal: Med Sci Sports Exerc Date: 2019-05 Impact factor: 5.411
Authors: Megan E Rosa-Caldwell; Lisa T Jansen; Seongkyun Lim; Kirsten R Dunlap; Wesley S Haynie; Tyrone A Washington; Nicholas P Greene Journal: Sports Med Health Sci Date: 2020-03-09
Authors: Luke J Connolly; Stephen J Bailey; Peter Krustrup; Jonathan Fulford; Chris Smietanka; Andrew M Jones Journal: Eur J Appl Physiol Date: 2017-09-20 Impact factor: 3.078
Authors: Sara Maldonado-Martín; Jon Ander Jayo-Montoya; Tatiana Matajira-Chia; Beatriz Villar-Zabala; Juan José Goiriena; G Rodrigo Aispuru Journal: Trials Date: 2018-03-02 Impact factor: 2.279
Authors: Bernard M F M Duvivier; Johanne E Bolijn; Annemarie Koster; Casper G Schalkwijk; Hans H C M Savelberg; Nicolaas C Schaper Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2018-06-05 Impact factor: 4.379
Authors: Alberto Jiménez-Maldonado; Iván Rentería; Patricia C García-Suárez; José Moncada-Jiménez; Luiz Fernando Freire-Royes Journal: Front Neurosci Date: 2018-11-14 Impact factor: 4.677