Mark J Babic1, Jordan J Smith2, Philip J Morgan3, Chris Lonsdale4, Ronald C Plotnikoff5, Narelle Eather6, Geoff Skinner7, Amanda L Baker8, Emma Pollock9, David R Lubans10. 1. Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia. Electronic address: Mark.Babic@newcastle.edu.au. 2. Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia. Electronic address: Jordan.Smith@newcastle.edu.au. 3. Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia. Electronic address: Philip.Morgan@newcastle.edu.au. 4. Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Strathfield, NSW, Australia. Electronic address: Chris.Lonsdale@acu.edu.au. 5. Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia. Electronic address: Ronald.Plotnikoff@newcastle.edu.au. 6. Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia. Electronic address: Narelle.Eather@newcastle.edu.au. 7. Faculty of Science and IT, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia. Electronic address: Geoff.Skinner@newcastle.edu.au. 8. School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia. Electronic address: Amanda.Baker@newcastle.edu.au. 9. Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia. Electronic address: Emma.Pollock@newcastle.edu.au. 10. Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia. Electronic address: David.Lubans@newcastle.edu.au.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The primary objective was to evaluate the impact of the 'Switch-off 4 Healthy Minds' (S4HM) intervention on recreational screen-time in adolescents. METHODS: Cluster randomized controlled trial with study measures at baseline and 6-months (post-intervention). Eligible participants reported exceeding recreational screen-time recommendations (i.e., >2h/day). In total, 322 adolescents (mean age=14.4±0.6years) from eight secondary schools in New South Wales, Australia were recruited. The S4HM intervention was guided by Self-Determination Theory and included: an interactive seminar, eHealth messaging, a behavioral contract and parental newsletters. The primary outcome was recreational screen-time. Secondary outcomes included mental health (i.e., well-being, psychological distress, self-perceptions), objectively measured physical activity, and body mass index (BMI). Outcome analyses were conducted using linear mixed models and mediation was examined using a product-of-coefficients test. RESULTS: At post-intervention, significant reductions in screen-time were observed in both groups, with a greater reduction observed in the intervention group (-50min/day versus -29min, p<0.05 for both). However, the adjusted difference in change between groups was not statistically significant (mean=-21.3min/day, p=0.255). There were no significant intervention effects for mental health outcomes, physical activity or BMI. Significant mediation effects for autonomous motivation were found. CONCLUSIONS: Participants in both the S4HM intervention and control groups significantly reduced their screen-time, with no group-by-time effects. Enhancing autonomous motivation might be a useful intervention target for trials aimed at reducing adolescents' recreational screen-time. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ACTRN12614000163606.
RCT Entities:
INTRODUCTION: The primary objective was to evaluate the impact of the 'Switch-off 4 Healthy Minds' (S4HM) intervention on recreational screen-time in adolescents. METHODS: Cluster randomized controlled trial with study measures at baseline and 6-months (post-intervention). Eligible participants reported exceeding recreational screen-time recommendations (i.e., >2h/day). In total, 322 adolescents (mean age=14.4±0.6years) from eight secondary schools in New South Wales, Australia were recruited. The S4HM intervention was guided by Self-Determination Theory and included: an interactive seminar, eHealth messaging, a behavioral contract and parental newsletters. The primary outcome was recreational screen-time. Secondary outcomes included mental health (i.e., well-being, psychological distress, self-perceptions), objectively measured physical activity, and body mass index (BMI). Outcome analyses were conducted using linear mixed models and mediation was examined using a product-of-coefficients test. RESULTS: At post-intervention, significant reductions in screen-time were observed in both groups, with a greater reduction observed in the intervention group (-50min/day versus -29min, p<0.05 for both). However, the adjusted difference in change between groups was not statistically significant (mean=-21.3min/day, p=0.255). There were no significant intervention effects for mental health outcomes, physical activity or BMI. Significant mediation effects for autonomous motivation were found. CONCLUSIONS:Participants in both the S4HM intervention and control groups significantly reduced their screen-time, with no group-by-time effects. Enhancing autonomous motivation might be a useful intervention target for trials aimed at reducing adolescents' recreational screen-time. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ACTRN12614000163606.
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