Yifeng Cheng1, Cathy C Y Huang1, Tengfei Ma1, Xiaoyan Wei1, Xuehua Wang1, Jiayi Lu1, Jun Wang2. 1. Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas. 2. Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas. Electronic address: jwang@medicine.tamhsc.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Repeated exposure to addictive drugs or alcohol triggers glutamatergic and gamma-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) plasticity in many neuronal populations. The dorsomedial striatum (DMS), a brain region critically involved in addiction, contains medium spiny neurons (MSNs) expressing dopamine D1 or D2 receptors, which form direct and indirect pathways, respectively. It is unclear how alcohol-evoked plasticity in the DMS contributes to alcohol consumption in a cell type-specific manner. METHODS: Mice were trained to consume alcohol using an intermittent-access two-bottle-choice drinking procedure. Slice electrophysiology was used to measure glutamatergic and GABAergic strength in DMS D1- and D2-MSNs of alcohol-drinking mice and control mice. In vivo chemogenetic and pharmacologic approaches were employed to manipulate MSN activity, and their consequences on alcohol consumption were measured. RESULTS: Repeated cycles of alcohol consumption and withdrawal in mice strengthened glutamatergic transmission in D1-MSNs and GABAergic transmission in D2-MSNs. In vivo chemogenetic excitation of D1-MSNs, mimicking glutamatergic strengthening, promoted alcohol consumption; the same effect was induced by D2-MSN inhibition, mimicking GABAergic strengthening. Importantly, suppression of GABAergic transmission via D2 receptor-glycogen synthase kinase-3β signaling dramatically reduced excessive alcohol consumption, as did selective inhibition of D1-MSNs or excitation of D2-MSNs. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that repeated cycles of excessive alcohol intake and withdrawal potentiate glutamatergic strength exclusively in D1-MSNs and GABAergic strength specifically in D2-MSNs of the DMS, which concurrently contribute to alcohol consumption. These results provide insight into the synaptic and cell type-specific mechanisms underlying alcohol addiction and identify targets for the development of new therapeutic approaches to alcohol abuse.
BACKGROUND: Repeated exposure to addictive drugs or alcohol triggers glutamatergic and gamma-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) plasticity in many neuronal populations. The dorsomedial striatum (DMS), a brain region critically involved in addiction, contains medium spiny neurons (MSNs) expressing dopamineD1 or D2 receptors, which form direct and indirect pathways, respectively. It is unclear how alcohol-evoked plasticity in the DMS contributes to alcohol consumption in a cell type-specific manner. METHODS:Mice were trained to consume alcohol using an intermittent-access two-bottle-choice drinking procedure. Slice electrophysiology was used to measure glutamatergic and GABAergic strength in DMS D1- and D2-MSNs of alcohol-drinking mice and control mice. In vivo chemogenetic and pharmacologic approaches were employed to manipulate MSN activity, and their consequences on alcohol consumption were measured. RESULTS: Repeated cycles of alcohol consumption and withdrawal in mice strengthened glutamatergic transmission in D1-MSNs and GABAergic transmission in D2-MSNs. In vivo chemogenetic excitation of D1-MSNs, mimicking glutamatergic strengthening, promoted alcohol consumption; the same effect was induced by D2-MSN inhibition, mimicking GABAergic strengthening. Importantly, suppression of GABAergic transmission via D2 receptor-glycogen synthase kinase-3β signaling dramatically reduced excessive alcohol consumption, as did selective inhibition of D1-MSNs or excitation of D2-MSNs. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that repeated cycles of excessive alcohol intake and withdrawal potentiate glutamatergic strength exclusively in D1-MSNs and GABAergic strength specifically in D2-MSNs of the DMS, which concurrently contribute to alcohol consumption. These results provide insight into the synaptic and cell type-specific mechanisms underlying alcohol addiction and identify targets for the development of new therapeutic approaches to alcohol abuse.
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