Hiroshi Ito1, Yukihiro Numabe1, Shuichi Hashimoto2, Satoshi Sekino1, Etsuko Murakashi1, Hitomi Ishiguro1, Daisuke Sasaki3, Takashi Yaegashi3, Hideki Takai4, Masaru Mezawa4, Yorimasa Ogata4, Hisashi Watanabe5, Satsuki Hagiwara5, Yuichi Izumi5, Yuka Hiroshima6, Jun-Ichi Kido6, Toshihiko Nagata6, Kazushi Kunimatsu7. 1. Department of Periodontology, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan. 2. The Nippon Dental University. 3. Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Rehabilitation, Division of Periodontology, Iwate Medical University School of Dentistry, Iwate, Japan. 4. Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan. 5. Department of Hard Tissue Engineering, Section of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan. 6. Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan. 7. Medical Corporation, Kensei-kai, Shizuoka, Japan.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Probing depth (PD) and bleeding on probing (BOP) are essential clinical parameters used for periodontal diagnosis. This study investigated whether detection of hemoglobin (Hb) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), along with PD and BOP, would improve diagnostic accuracy. METHODS: After plaque index (PI) was measured, GCF was collected from the gingival sulci of 401 anterior teeth in the maxilla and mandible from 184 patients who had entered periodontal maintenance therapy. Clinical parameters (gingival index [GI], PD, clinical attachment level [CAL], and BOP) were recorded. Hb values in GCF were assessed by immunochromatography. Moreover, cutoff values for PI, GI, and CAL based on the degree of PD and amount of GCF were created and analyzed. RESULTS: Hb was detected in 64.8% of GCF samples in 105 BOP-negative (-) sites in the periodontally stable group out of 107 sites that were less than all cutoff values. There were 71 BOP(-) sites in the periodontal-management-required group out of 122 sites that were more than all cutoff values, although no improvement in periodontal disease was observed. Hb was detected in 88.7% of GCF samples from these 71 BOP(-) sites. CONCLUSIONS: Hb was observed in more than 60% of GCF samples in BOP(-) gingival sulci in both periodontally stable and periodontal-management-required groups. These results suggest inspection of Hb derived from microbleeding in gingival sulci may serve as an index for preclinical diagnosis.
BACKGROUND: Probing depth (PD) and bleeding on probing (BOP) are essential clinical parameters used for periodontal diagnosis. This study investigated whether detection of hemoglobin (Hb) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), along with PD and BOP, would improve diagnostic accuracy. METHODS: After plaque index (PI) was measured, GCF was collected from the gingival sulci of 401 anterior teeth in the maxilla and mandible from 184 patients who had entered periodontal maintenance therapy. Clinical parameters (gingival index [GI], PD, clinical attachment level [CAL], and BOP) were recorded. Hb values in GCF were assessed by immunochromatography. Moreover, cutoff values for PI, GI, and CAL based on the degree of PD and amount of GCF were created and analyzed. RESULTS: Hb was detected in 64.8% of GCF samples in 105 BOP-negative (-) sites in the periodontally stable group out of 107 sites that were less than all cutoff values. There were 71 BOP(-) sites in the periodontal-management-required group out of 122 sites that were more than all cutoff values, although no improvement in periodontal disease was observed. Hb was detected in 88.7% of GCF samples from these 71 BOP(-) sites. CONCLUSIONS: Hb was observed in more than 60% of GCF samples in BOP(-) gingival sulci in both periodontally stable and periodontal-management-required groups. These results suggest inspection of Hb derived from microbleeding in gingival sulci may serve as an index for preclinical diagnosis.