M Gottschald1, S Knüppel1, H Boeing1, B Buijsse1. 1. Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/ OBJECTIVES: Previous cohort studies elucidated unexpected inverse relations of cake and cookie (CC) consumption with chronic disease risk. We assessed CC intake in relation to cardiometabolic disease risk factors in a well-phenotyped population with emphasis on misreporting as the potential driving force behind inverse relations. SUBJECTS/ METHODS: In a cross-sectional EPIC-Potsdam sub-study individual usual CC intake was modeled by combining 24 h recall and food frequency questionnaire data. Cardiometabolic risk factors were anthropometry, blood lipids, blood pressure (BP), physical activity and fitness. Analysis of covariance models adjusted for (i) age/education/lifestyle and (ii) additionally for energy misreporting (ratio of energy intake over energy expenditure) were used to compute mean values of risk factors for quartiles of CC intake. RESULTS: Adjustment for misreporting had considerable impact on relations of CC intake. Initial inverse links with anthropometry were reversed to direct associations. Misreporting adjustment also nullified inverse relations with triglycerides and with total cholesterol in women. Negligible associations with high density lipoprotein cholesterol turned inverse (men: cross-quartile difference (ΔQ4-Q1)=-1.7 mg/dl; women: ΔQ4-Q1=-3.6 mg/dl), so did fitness (men: ΔQ4-Q1=-1.2 ml/kg/min; women: ΔQ4-Q1=-0.9 ml/kg/min). Direct relations with total/low density lipoprotein cholesterol in men were not changed by misreporting (ΔQ4-Q1 max. 7.5 or 11.3 mg/dl). Reduced BP was observed in females with increased CC intake; only systolic BP remained relevant after misreporting adjustment (ΔQ4-Q1=-4.6 mmHg). CONCLUSIONS: The strong impact of energy misreporting on relations of CC intake with risk factors emphasizes a careful analysis and interpretation of nutritional data. We showed that apparent favorable relations of CC intake changed with a different model specification, highlighting proper modeling considerations when analyzing diet-disease relations.
BACKGROUND/ OBJECTIVES: Previous cohort studies elucidated unexpected inverse relations of cake and cookie (CC) consumption with chronic disease risk. We assessed CC intake in relation to cardiometabolic disease risk factors in a well-phenotyped population with emphasis on misreporting as the potential driving force behind inverse relations. SUBJECTS/ METHODS: In a cross-sectional EPIC-Potsdam sub-study individual usual CC intake was modeled by combining 24 h recall and food frequency questionnaire data. Cardiometabolic risk factors were anthropometry, blood lipids, blood pressure (BP), physical activity and fitness. Analysis of covariance models adjusted for (i) age/education/lifestyle and (ii) additionally for energy misreporting (ratio of energy intake over energy expenditure) were used to compute mean values of risk factors for quartiles of CC intake. RESULTS: Adjustment for misreporting had considerable impact on relations of CC intake. Initial inverse links with anthropometry were reversed to direct associations. Misreporting adjustment also nullified inverse relations with triglycerides and with total cholesterol in women. Negligible associations with high density lipoprotein cholesterol turned inverse (men: cross-quartile difference (ΔQ4-Q1)=-1.7 mg/dl; women: ΔQ4-Q1=-3.6 mg/dl), so did fitness (men: ΔQ4-Q1=-1.2 ml/kg/min; women: ΔQ4-Q1=-0.9 ml/kg/min). Direct relations with total/low density lipoprotein cholesterol in men were not changed by misreporting (ΔQ4-Q1 max. 7.5 or 11.3 mg/dl). Reduced BP was observed in females with increased CC intake; only systolic BP remained relevant after misreporting adjustment (ΔQ4-Q1=-4.6 mmHg). CONCLUSIONS: The strong impact of energy misreporting on relations of CC intake with risk factors emphasizes a careful analysis and interpretation of nutritional data. We showed that apparent favorable relations of CC intake changed with a different model specification, highlighting proper modeling considerations when analyzing diet-disease relations.
Authors: B Buijsse; H Boeing; D Drogan; M B Schulze; E J Feskens; P Amiano; A Barricarte; F Clavel-Chapelon; B de Lauzon-Guillain; G Fagherazzi; A Fonseca-Nunes; P W Franks; J M Huerta; M U Jakobsen; R Kaaks; T J Key; K T Khaw; G Masala; A Moskal; P M Nilsson; K Overvad; V Pala; S Panico; M L Redondo; F Ricceri; O Rolandsson; M-J Sánchez; I Sluijs; A M Spijkerman; A Tjonneland; R Tumino; D L van der A; Y T van der Schouw; C Langenberg; S J Sharp; N G Forouhi; E Riboli; N J Wareham Journal: Eur J Clin Nutr Date: 2014-11-26 Impact factor: 4.016
Authors: Annika Steffen; Thorkild I A Sørensen; Sven Knüppel; Noemie Travier; María-José Sánchez; José María Huerta; J Ramón Quirós; Eva Ardanaz; Miren Dorronsoro; Birgit Teucher; Kuanrong Li; H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita; Daphne van der A; Amalia Mattiello; Domenico Palli; Rosario Tumino; Vittorio Krogh; Paolo Vineis; Antonia Trichopoulou; Philippos Orfanos; Dimitrios Trichopoulos; Bo Hedblad; Peter Wallström; Kim Overvad; Jytte Halkjær; Anne Tjønneland; Guy Fagherazzi; Laureen Dartois; Francesca Crowe; Kay-Tee Khaw; Nick Wareham; Lefkos Middleton; Anne M May; Petra H M Peeters; Heiner Boeing Journal: PLoS One Date: 2013-07-16 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: R Cordova; V Knaze; V Viallon; P Rust; C G Schalkwijk; E Weiderpass; K-H Wagner; A-L Mayen-Chacon; E K Aglago; C C Dahm; K Overvad; A Tjønneland; J Halkjær; F R Mancini; M-C Boutron-Ruault; G Fagherazzi; V Katzke; T Kühn; M B Schulze; H Boeing; A Trichopoulou; A Karakatsani; P Thriskos; G Masala; V Krogh; S Panico; R Tumino; F Ricceri; A Spijkerman; J Boer; G Skeie; C Rylander; K B Borch; J R Quirós; A Agudo; D Redondo-Sánchez; P Amiano; J-H Gómez-Gómez; A Barricarte; S Ramne; E Sonestedt; I Johansson; A Esberg; T Tong; D Aune; K K Tsilidis; M J Gunter; M Jenab; Heinz Freisling Journal: Eur J Nutr Date: 2019-11-07 Impact factor: 5.614