R Giacconi1, L Costarelli2, F Piacenza2, A Basso2, L Rink3, E Mariani4, T Fulop5, G Dedoussis6, G Herbein7, M Provinciali8, J Jajte9, I Lengyel10, E Mocchegiani2, M Malavolta2. 1. Translational Research Ctr. of Nutrition and Ageing, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Institute of Health and Science on Aging (INRCA), Ancona, Italy. r.giacconi@inrca.it. 2. Translational Research Ctr. of Nutrition and Ageing, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Institute of Health and Science on Aging (INRCA), Ancona, Italy. 3. Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany. 4. Laboratory of Immunereumatology and Tissue Regeneration/RAMSES, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. 5. Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada. 6. Department of Dietetics and Nutritional Science, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece. 7. Department Pathogens and Inflammation EA 4266, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CHRU Besançon, Besançon, France. 8. Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Institute of Health and Science on Aging (INRCA), Ancona, Italy. 9. Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, Lodz, Poland. 10. UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London, UK.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Zinc (Zn) plays an essential role in many biological processes including immune response. Impaired Zn status promotes immune dysfunction, and it has been associated with enhanced chronic inflammation during aging. It has been suggested that the measurement of circulating Zn by itself could not reflect the real Zn status of an individual. It is therefore necessary to identify other determinants associated with plasma Zn to better understanding how physiopathological conditions during aging may affect the concentration of this metal. METHODS: We have investigated the association between Zn levels and some biomarkers in 1090 healthy elderly from five European countries to increase the accuracy in the assessment of the Zn status. Stepwise multivariate linear regression models were used to analyze the influence of factors such as age, dietary intake, inflammatory mediators, laboratory parameters and polymorphisms previously associated with Zn homeostasis. RESULTS: Plasma Zn decrement was most strongly predicted by age, while positive correlations were found with albumin, RANTES and Zn intake after adjustment for multiple confounders. HSP70 +1267 AA genotype was an independent factor associated with Zn plasma concentrations. Cu/Zn ratio was positively associated with markers of systemic inflammation and age and negatively associated with albumin serum levels. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show the most important independent determinants of plasma Zn concentration and Cu/Zn ratio variability in elderly population and suggest that the decline with age of Zn circulating levels is more dependent on physiopathological changes occurring with aging rather than to its nutritional intake.
PURPOSE: Zinc (Zn) plays an essential role in many biological processes including immune response. Impaired Zn status promotes immune dysfunction, and it has been associated with enhanced chronic inflammation during aging. It has been suggested that the measurement of circulating Zn by itself could not reflect the real Zn status of an individual. It is therefore necessary to identify other determinants associated with plasma Zn to better understanding how physiopathological conditions during aging may affect the concentration of this metal. METHODS: We have investigated the association between Zn levels and some biomarkers in 1090 healthy elderly from five European countries to increase the accuracy in the assessment of the Zn status. Stepwise multivariate linear regression models were used to analyze the influence of factors such as age, dietary intake, inflammatory mediators, laboratory parameters and polymorphisms previously associated with Zn homeostasis. RESULTS: Plasma Zn decrement was most strongly predicted by age, while positive correlations were found with albumin, RANTES and Zn intake after adjustment for multiple confounders. HSP70 +1267 AA genotype was an independent factor associated with Zn plasma concentrations. Cu/Zn ratio was positively associated with markers of systemic inflammation and age and negatively associated with albumin serum levels. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show the most important independent determinants of plasma Zn concentration and Cu/Zn ratio variability in elderly population and suggest that the decline with age of Zn circulating levels is more dependent on physiopathological changes occurring with aging rather than to its nutritional intake.
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