Posaconazole: an emerging therapeutic option for invasive rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis.

Posaconazole has significant activity against the Mucormycetes. However, data are limited on the clinical efficacy of posaconazole for treating rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM). The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of posaconazole in patients with ROCM. We included 12 consecutive adult patients admitted with ROCM and treated with posaconazole between January 2010 and February 2015. The main outcome of the study was the overall success rate (i.e. either complete or partial response) at the end of treatment. We also assessed serum posaconazole concentrations in a subgroup of patients. Of the 12 patients who received posaconazole, eight patients (66.6%) had complete resolution with median follow-up of 6.5 months (range 2-24 months). Two patients (16.6%) had significant reduction of disease and two (16.6%) had marked residual disease on follow-up. Uncontrolled diabetes was the predisposing factor in all except one patient. One patient developed diarrhoea on posaconazole, which settled without discontinuation of the drug. Posaconazole appears to be a safe and effective antifungal agent in diabetic patients with ROCM, especially in those who have toxicity with polyene therapy.