Aki Juhani Käräjämäki1, Risto Bloigu2, Heikki Kauma1, Y Antero Kesäniemi1, Olli-Pekka Koivurova1, Juha Perkiömäki1, Heikki Huikuri1, Olavi Ukkola3. 1. Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. 2. Medical Informatics and Statistics Research Group, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. 3. Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. Electronic address: olavi.ukkola@oulu.fi.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are both shown to increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. However, there is a great overlap between these two diseases. The present study was aimed to examine the cardiovascular and metabolic prognosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with and without metabolic syndrome. METHODS: Middle-aged subjects (n=958) were divided into four subgroups, those with NAFLD and MetS, those with NAFLD or MetS, and healthy controls. The baseline characteristics of the subgroups were analyzed. The follow-up time for cardiovascular events was about 16years. After approximately 21years the cardiac ultrasound and laboratory parameters were re-analyzed and new type 2 diabetes cases were recorded. RESULTS: Those with both diseases were at the greatest risk for cardiovascular events (p<0.001). Compared to healthy controls, only those with MetS, with or without NAFLD, were at increased risk for the development of type 2 diabetes (p<0.001) and for an increase in left ventricular mass index (p=0.001 and p=0.005, respectively). The cardiovascular and metabolic risk in subjects with NAFLD only was quite similar to that in healthy controls. The I148M variant of the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 gene (PNPLA3 polymorphism) was most present in those with NAFLD only (p=0.008). CONCLUSIONS: NAFLD with MetS implies a considerable risk for cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and the increase of left ventricular mass index whereas NAFLD without MetS does not. Copyright Â
BACKGROUND:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are both shown to increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. However, there is a great overlap between these two diseases. The present study was aimed to examine the cardiovascular and metabolic prognosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with and without metabolic syndrome. METHODS: Middle-aged subjects (n=958) were divided into four subgroups, those with NAFLD and MetS, those with NAFLD or MetS, and healthy controls. The baseline characteristics of the subgroups were analyzed. The follow-up time for cardiovascular events was about 16years. After approximately 21years the cardiac ultrasound and laboratory parameters were re-analyzed and new type 2 diabetes cases were recorded. RESULTS: Those with both diseases were at the greatest risk for cardiovascular events (p<0.001). Compared to healthy controls, only those with MetS, with or without NAFLD, were at increased risk for the development of type 2 diabetes (p<0.001) and for an increase in left ventricular mass index (p=0.001 and p=0.005, respectively). The cardiovascular and metabolic risk in subjects with NAFLD only was quite similar to that in healthy controls. The I148M variant of the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 gene (PNPLA3 polymorphism) was most present in those with NAFLD only (p=0.008). CONCLUSIONS: NAFLD with MetS implies a considerable risk for cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and the increase of left ventricular mass index whereas NAFLD without MetS does not. Copyright Â
Authors: Olubunmi Olujimisola Olubamwo; Jyrki K Virtanen; Jussi Pihlajamaki; Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen Journal: BMJ Open Date: 2019-07-04 Impact factor: 2.692
Authors: Oriol Juanola; Sebastián Martínez-López; Rubén Francés; Isabel Gómez-Hurtado Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-05-14 Impact factor: 3.390