Naomi S Levitt1, Nasheeta Peer2, Krisela Steyn3, Carl Lombard4, Gary Maartens5, Estelle V Lambert6, Joel A Dave7. 1. Division of Diabetic Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town (UCT), South Africa; Chronic Disease Initiative for Africa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UCT, South Africa. Electronic address: naomi.levitt@uct.ac.za. 2. Non-communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), South Africa; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UCT, South Africa. 3. Chronic Disease Initiative for Africa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UCT, South Africa. 4. Biostatistics Unit, SAMRC, South Africa. 5. Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UCT, South Africa. 6. SAMRC/UCT Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UCT, South Africa. 7. Division of Diabetic Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town (UCT), South Africa.
Abstract
AIMS: To compare dysglycaemia prevalence (impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), or diabetes) in HIV-infected persons, stratified by antiretroviral therapy (ART), with a community-based survey (CBS) in Cape Town, South Africa. METHODS: Three groups of HIV-infected adults without known diabetes were conveniently sampled from community healthcare centres; ART-naïve, first-line ART (non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) plus dual NRTIs), and second-line ART (lopinavir/ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor plus dual NRTIs). The CBS recruited a representative cross-sectional sample from urban townships. Participants reporting ART use or known diabetes were excluded. All participants underwent oral glucose tolerance testing. Multiple logistic regression determined independent associations with dysglycaemia. RESULTS: The samples comprised ART-naïve, first-line ART, second-line ART and CBS participants (n=393, 439, 108 and 880, respectively). Mean age was 34-40years. Dysglycaemia prevalence was as follows: CBS 18.0%, ART-naïve 21.6%, first-line ART 26.0% and second-line ART 37.0%. Diabetes was similar across groups, but IGT was 3-4-fold higher in second-line ART and CBS compared with ART-naïve and first-line ART groups. In contrast, IFG was 14.3-21.2% across HIV groups but only 1.5% in the CBS. Increased risk of dysglycaemia was associated with older age, female gender, and HIV status (ART-naïve: OR 2.31, 95% CI 1.65-3.24; first-line ART: OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.80-3.38; second-line ART: OR 4.10, 95% CI 2.54-6.61). Diabetes family history and central obesity were not related to dysglycaemia. CONCLUSIONS: In view of the increased risk of dysglycaemia in HIV-infected participants, screening for diabetes should be instituted in ART programmes.
AIMS: To compare dysglycaemia prevalence (impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), or diabetes) in HIV-infectedpersons, stratified by antiretroviral therapy (ART), with a community-based survey (CBS) in Cape Town, South Africa. METHODS: Three groups of HIV-infected adults without known diabetes were conveniently sampled from community healthcare centres; ART-naïve, first-line ART (non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) plus dual NRTIs), and second-line ART (lopinavir/ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor plus dual NRTIs). The CBS recruited a representative cross-sectional sample from urban townships. Participants reporting ART use or known diabetes were excluded. All participants underwent oral glucose tolerance testing. Multiple logistic regression determined independent associations with dysglycaemia. RESULTS: The samples comprised ART-naïve, first-line ART, second-line ART and CBS participants (n=393, 439, 108 and 880, respectively). Mean age was 34-40years. Dysglycaemia prevalence was as follows: CBS 18.0%, ART-naïve 21.6%, first-line ART 26.0% and second-line ART 37.0%. Diabetes was similar across groups, but IGT was 3-4-fold higher in second-line ART and CBS compared with ART-naïve and first-line ART groups. In contrast, IFG was 14.3-21.2% across HIV groups but only 1.5% in the CBS. Increased risk of dysglycaemia was associated with older age, female gender, and HIV status (ART-naïve: OR 2.31, 95% CI 1.65-3.24; first-line ART: OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.80-3.38; second-line ART: OR 4.10, 95% CI 2.54-6.61). Diabetes family history and central obesity were not related to dysglycaemia. CONCLUSIONS: In view of the increased risk of dysglycaemia in HIV-infectedparticipants, screening for diabetes should be instituted in ART programmes.
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