Jan P Boström1, Ruth Bruckermann2, Bogdan Pintea3, Azize Boström3, Gunnar Surber4, Klaus Hamm4. 1. Department of Radiosurgery and Stereotactic Radiotherapy, MediClin Robert Janker Clinic and MediClin MVZ Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Electronic address: Jan.Bostroem@mediclin.de. 2. Department of Radiosurgery and Stereotactic Radiotherapy, MediClin Robert Janker Clinic and MediClin MVZ Bonn, Bonn, Germany. 3. Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. 4. Department of Radiosurgery, HELIOS Klinikum Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To review outcomes after linear accelerator stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (hfSRT) of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) from a consecutive and pooled series of 2 Novalis centers and to analyze the influence of AVM size, Spetzler-Martin (SM) grade, pretreatment, and hemorrhagic versus nonhemorrhagic presentation. A subgroup analysis of A Randomized Trial of Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformations (ARUBA)-eligible patients also was performed. METHODS: Prospectively collected treatment and outcome data were supplemented by retrospectively collected follow-up data for 93.8% of all patients. A total of 129 patients with AVM had SRS or hfSRT between 2000 and 2014 with the same linear accelerator system in 2 centers. Data analysis included initial presentation, SM grade, occlusion rates assessed by magnetic resonance and/or digital subtraction angiography, neurologic and therapeutic complications, and pretreatments. Statistical analysis was performed for patient demographic data and for factors potentially influencing outcome. RESULTS: Initial presentation was hemorrhage in 43.8% or seizures/neurologic deficits in 46.2%. The series included 6 SM grade I (5%), 26 SM II (21.5%), 55 SM III (45.5%), 28 SM IV (23%), and 6 SM V cases (5%). Pre-embolization was used in 36 patients (29.8%), 8 patients had previous surgery (6.6%), and 6 patients were irradiated before elsewhere (5%); 5 patients (4.2%) received multimodal pretreatment. Mean follow-up was 43 months. The occlusion rate for the total series was 71.1%, for SM I/II cases 80.6%, and 67.4% for the SM ≥ subgroup. The occlusion rate was 75.0% for the small volume (<4 cc) and 55.6% for the large volume (>10 cc) subgroup. There was no statistical difference between the occlusion rate of patients with or without pretreatment if taken all modalities together (72.7% and 69.7%, respectively). There was only a trend of a belated occlusion of pre-embolized AVMs. The occlusion rate for hemorrhagic AVM was with 77.4% better than for nonhemorrhagic (66.2%) or ARUBA-eligible AVMs (64.8%) but without reaching statistical significance. Neurologic deterioration was seen in 13.2% of the patients. There were 2 re-bleedings within 17-18 months (1.7%), 1 of them without a new neurologic deficit and total occlusion after re-SRS. One patient with pre-existing epilepsy died a sudden unexpected death (mortality rate: 0.8%). CONCLUSIONS: Overall SRS and hfSRT are valuable therapy options, especially in symptomatic patients with AVM, with a low rate of morbidity and mortality and an acceptable overall complete occlusion rate of >70% and >80% for SM I/II AVMs.
OBJECTIVE: To review outcomes after linear accelerator stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (hfSRT) of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) from a consecutive and pooled series of 2 Novalis centers and to analyze the influence of AVM size, Spetzler-Martin (SM) grade, pretreatment, and hemorrhagic versus nonhemorrhagic presentation. A subgroup analysis of A Randomized Trial of Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformations (ARUBA)-eligible patients also was performed. METHODS: Prospectively collected treatment and outcome data were supplemented by retrospectively collected follow-up data for 93.8% of all patients. A total of 129 patients with AVM had SRS or hfSRT between 2000 and 2014 with the same linear accelerator system in 2 centers. Data analysis included initial presentation, SM grade, occlusion rates assessed by magnetic resonance and/or digital subtraction angiography, neurologic and therapeutic complications, and pretreatments. Statistical analysis was performed for patient demographic data and for factors potentially influencing outcome. RESULTS: Initial presentation was hemorrhage in 43.8% or seizures/neurologic deficits in 46.2%. The series included 6 SM grade I (5%), 26 SM II (21.5%), 55 SM III (45.5%), 28 SM IV (23%), and 6 SM V cases (5%). Pre-embolization was used in 36 patients (29.8%), 8 patients had previous surgery (6.6%), and 6 patients were irradiated before elsewhere (5%); 5 patients (4.2%) received multimodal pretreatment. Mean follow-up was 43 months. The occlusion rate for the total series was 71.1%, for SM I/II cases 80.6%, and 67.4% for the SM ≥ subgroup. The occlusion rate was 75.0% for the small volume (<4 cc) and 55.6% for the large volume (>10 cc) subgroup. There was no statistical difference between the occlusion rate of patients with or without pretreatment if taken all modalities together (72.7% and 69.7%, respectively). There was only a trend of a belated occlusion of pre-embolized AVMs. The occlusion rate for hemorrhagic AVM was with 77.4% better than for nonhemorrhagic (66.2%) or ARUBA-eligible AVMs (64.8%) but without reaching statistical significance. Neurologic deterioration was seen in 13.2% of the patients. There were 2 re-bleedings within 17-18 months (1.7%), 1 of them without a new neurologic deficit and total occlusion after re-SRS. One patient with pre-existing epilepsy died a sudden unexpected death (mortality rate: 0.8%). CONCLUSIONS: Overall SRS and hfSRT are valuable therapy options, especially in symptomatic patients with AVM, with a low rate of morbidity and mortality and an acceptable overall complete occlusion rate of >70% and >80% for SM I/II AVMs.
Authors: H Baharvahdat; R Blanc; R Fahed; S Smajda; G Ciccio; J-P Desilles; H Redjem; S Escalard; M Mazighi; D Chauvet; T Robert; P Sasannejad; M Piotin Journal: AJNR Am J Neuroradiol Date: 2019-02-21 Impact factor: 3.825