Wei Lin Toh1, David J Castle2, Neil Thomas3, Johanna C Badcock4, Susan L Rossell5. 1. Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre (BPsyC), Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre (MAPrc), The Alfred Hospital and Monash University School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. Electronic address: wtoh@swin.edu.au. 2. Department of Psychiatry, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia. 3. Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre (BPsyC), Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre (MAPrc), The Alfred Hospital and Monash University School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. 4. Centre for Clinical Research in Neuropsychiatry (CCRN), Royal Perth Hospital, University of Western Australia, WA, Australia. 5. Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre (BPsyC), Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre (MAPrc), The Alfred Hospital and Monash University School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) are known to occur in mood disorders, but there has been scant research in the area. This paper aimed to explore the presence of hallucinations, and AVHs in particular, across affective disorders (with non-affective disorders serving as clinical reference groups). Specific attention was given to i) running commentary, ii) voices conversing, and iii) negative voices. A secondary aim was to examine patterns of associated delusional themes. METHOD: Participants were 1550 Australians, aged 18-64 years, assigned to one of four groups on the basis of diagnosis: i) bipolar disorder (BD), ii) depressive psychosis (DP), iii) schizophrenia (SCZ), and iv) schizoaffective disorder (SAD). Relevant data collected from the 2010 Australian Survey of High Impact Psychosis (SHIP) was analysed. RESULTS: Current prevalence of hallucinations was such that BD<DP; severity of hallucinations, and AVHs in particular, was in the order BD=DP<SAD=SCZ. These results were statistically significant. Negative voices, and concomitantly, persecutory delusions, were prominent across all clinical groups. DISCUSSION: Future research should examine age of AVH onset as well as other forms of AVHs, whilst taking into account participants' specific mood states.
BACKGROUND:Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) are known to occur in mood disorders, but there has been scant research in the area. This paper aimed to explore the presence of hallucinations, and AVHs in particular, across affective disorders (with non-affective disorders serving as clinical reference groups). Specific attention was given to i) running commentary, ii) voices conversing, and iii) negative voices. A secondary aim was to examine patterns of associated delusional themes. METHOD:Participants were 1550 Australians, aged 18-64 years, assigned to one of four groups on the basis of diagnosis: i) bipolar disorder (BD), ii) depressive psychosis (DP), iii) schizophrenia (SCZ), and iv) schizoaffective disorder (SAD). Relevant data collected from the 2010 Australian Survey of High Impact Psychosis (SHIP) was analysed. RESULTS: Current prevalence of hallucinations was such that BD<DP; severity of hallucinations, and AVHs in particular, was in the order BD=DP<SAD=SCZ. These results were statistically significant. Negative voices, and concomitantly, persecutory delusions, were prominent across all clinical groups. DISCUSSION: Future research should examine age of AVH onset as well as other forms of AVHs, whilst taking into account participants' specific mood states.
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