José M Sahuquillo-Arce1, Rosario Menéndez2,3, Raúl Méndez4,5, Isabel Amara-Elori4,5, Rafael Zalacain6, Alberto Capelastegui7, Javier Aspa8, Luis Borderías9, Juan J Martín-Villasclaras10, Salvador Bello11, Inmaculada Alfageme12, Felipe Rodriguez de Castro13, Jordi Rello14,15, Luis Molinos16, Juan Ruiz-Manzano17, Antoni Torres5,18. 1. Microbiology Service, University and Politechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain. 2. Pneumology Service, IIS/ University and Politechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain. rosmenend@gmail.com. 3. CIBERES, Valencia, Spain. rosmenend@gmail.com. 4. Pneumology Service, IIS/ University and Politechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain. 5. CIBERES, Valencia, Spain. 6. Pneumology Service, University Hospital Cruces, Bilbao, Spain. 7. Pulmonology Service, Hospital of Galdakao, Galdakao, Spain. 8. Pneumology Service, University Hospital of Princesa, Madrid, Spain. 9. Pneumology Service, Hospital San Jorge, Huesca, Spain. 10. Pneumology Service, University Hospital Carlos Haya, Malaga, Spain. 11. Pneumology Service, University Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain. 12. Pneumology Service, Universitary Hospital de Valme, Sevilla, Spain. 13. Pneumology Service, University Hospital Doctor Negrin, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain. 14. Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain. 15. Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Vall Hebron, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 16. Pneumology Service, University Hospital Central, Oviedo, Spain. 17. Pneumology Service, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain. 18. Pneumology Service, Clinic Hospital, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of age and comorbidities, smoking and alcohol use on microorganisms in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). METHODS: A prospective multicentre study was performed with 4304 patients. We compared microbiological results, bacterial aetiology, smoking, alcohol abuse and comorbidities in three age groups: young adults (<45 years), adults (45-64 years) and seniors (>65 years). RESULTS: Bacterial aetiology was identified in 1522 (35.4%) patients. In seniors, liver disease was independently associated with Gram-negative bacteria (Haemophilus influenzae and Enterobacteriaceae), COPD with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (OR = 2.69 (1.46-4.97)) and Staphylococcus aureus (OR = 2.8 (1.24-6.3)) and neurological diseases with S. aureus. In adults, diabetes mellitus (DM) was a risk factor for Streptococcus pneumoniae and S. aureus, and COPD for H. influenzae (OR = 3.39 (1.06-10.83)). In young adults, DM was associated with S. aureus. Smoking was a risk factor for Legionella pneumophila regardless of age. Alcohol intake was associated with mixed aetiology and Coxiella burnetii in seniors, and with S. pneumoniae in young adults. CONCLUSION: It should be considered that the bacterial aetiology may differ according to the patient's age, comorbidities, smoking and alcohol abuse. More extensive microbiological testing is warranted in those with risk factors for infrequent microorganisms.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of age and comorbidities, smoking and alcohol use on microorganisms in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). METHODS: A prospective multicentre study was performed with 4304 patients. We compared microbiological results, bacterial aetiology, smoking, alcohol abuse and comorbidities in three age groups: young adults (<45 years), adults (45-64 years) and seniors (>65 years). RESULTS: Bacterial aetiology was identified in 1522 (35.4%) patients. In seniors, liver disease was independently associated with Gram-negative bacteria (Haemophilus influenzae and Enterobacteriaceae), COPD with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (OR = 2.69 (1.46-4.97)) and Staphylococcus aureus (OR = 2.8 (1.24-6.3)) and neurological diseases with S. aureus. In adults, diabetes mellitus (DM) was a risk factor for Streptococcus pneumoniae and S. aureus, and COPD for H. influenzae (OR = 3.39 (1.06-10.83)). In young adults, DM was associated with S. aureus. Smoking was a risk factor for Legionella pneumophila regardless of age. Alcohol intake was associated with mixed aetiology and Coxiella burnetii in seniors, and with S. pneumoniae in young adults. CONCLUSION: It should be considered that the bacterial aetiology may differ according to the patient's age, comorbidities, smoking and alcohol abuse. More extensive microbiological testing is warranted in those with risk factors for infrequent microorganisms.
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