Hisayoshi Kondo1, Midori Soda2, Norie Sawada3, Manami Inoue3,4, Yoshitaka Imaizumi5, Yasushi Miyazaki6, Masako Iwanaga7, Yasuhito Tanaka8, Masashi Mizokami9, Shoichiro Tsugane3. 1. Biostatistics Section, Division of Scientific Data Registry, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto 1-12-4, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan. hkondo@nagasaki-u.ac.jp. 2. Department of Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Nagasaki, Japan. 3. Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan. 4. Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. 5. Department of Hematology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan. 6. Department of Hematology, Atomic Bomb Disease and Hibakusha Medicine Unit, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan. 7. Department of Frontier Life Science, Unit of Basic Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan. 8. Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan. 9. The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is an aggressive hematological malignancy caused by human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1); no effective methods have yet been identified to prevent development of ATLL in carriers of HTLV-1. This study investigated the association between cigarette smoking and the risk of ATLL development among Japanese carriers of HTLV-1. METHODS: This study examined the association between smoking and development of ATLL in a cohort of 1,332 Japanese HTLV-1 carriers aged 40-69 years free of ATLL at baseline from two different HTLV-1-endemic areas of Japan. Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for sex, geographic area, age at baseline, and alcohol drinking were used to estimate the effect of cigarette smoking on ATLL development. RESULTS: Between 1993 and 2012, 25 new ATLL cases were identified among these subjects. The overall crude incidence rate for ATLL was 1.08 per 1,000 person-years among HTLV-1 carriers and was higher among male carriers than among female carriers (2.21 vs. 0.74). The risk of ATLL development increased significantly with increasing numbers of cigarettes smoked per day (hazard ratio for every increment of 20 cigarettes, 2.03; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.13-3.66 overall, 2.07 (95 % CI 1.13-3.73) in male carriers). CONCLUSIONS: Cigarette smoking may influence ATLL development among HTLV-1 carriers in Japan.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is an aggressive hematological malignancy caused by human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1); no effective methods have yet been identified to prevent development of ATLL in carriers of HTLV-1. This study investigated the association between cigarette smoking and the risk of ATLL development among Japanese carriers of HTLV-1. METHODS: This study examined the association between smoking and development of ATLL in a cohort of 1,332 Japanese HTLV-1 carriers aged 40-69 years free of ATLL at baseline from two different HTLV-1-endemic areas of Japan. Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for sex, geographic area, age at baseline, and alcohol drinking were used to estimate the effect of cigarette smoking on ATLL development. RESULTS: Between 1993 and 2012, 25 new ATLL cases were identified among these subjects. The overall crude incidence rate for ATLL was 1.08 per 1,000 person-years among HTLV-1 carriers and was higher among male carriers than among female carriers (2.21 vs. 0.74). The risk of ATLL development increased significantly with increasing numbers of cigarettes smoked per day (hazard ratio for every increment of 20 cigarettes, 2.03; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.13-3.66 overall, 2.07 (95 % CI 1.13-3.73) in male carriers). CONCLUSIONS: Cigarette smoking may influence ATLL development among HTLV-1 carriers in Japan.
Entities:
Keywords:
ATLL; Cigarette smoking; HTLV-1; Japanese