Tracking and attrition in longitudinal school-based smoking prevention research.

Research in the development of school-based smoking prevention programs has resulted in a set of approaches of known short-term efficacy. Further evaluation of these approaches now requires long-term follow-up of participants. To minimize the problems caused by attrition in these longitudinal studies, investigators have developed techniques for tracking study participants. Based primarily on the use of the telephone, mail, and public documents, these methods require good background information on both the study participants and their parents. This article summarizes the experience of three teams of researchers engaged in such follow-up studies. These investigators have identified the types of background information most useful in long-term follow-up of participants, have developed a set of strategies to obtain such background information, and have developed methods for successfully tracking participants after a lapse of several years.