Yvan Jamilloux1, Sébastien Kerever2,3,4, Tristan Ferry5, Christiane Broussolle6, Jérôme Honnorat7, Pascal Sève6. 1. Department of Internal Medicine, Hopital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, 103 Grande rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69004, Lyon, France. yvanjamilloux@hotmail.com. 2. Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Lariboisière University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France. 3. ECSTRA Team, CRESS, Epidemiology and Statistics Centre, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR 1153, INSERM, Paris, France. 4. University Denis Diderot-Paris VII, Paris, France. 5. Department of Infectious Diseases, Hopital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, Lyon, France. 6. Department of Internal Medicine, Hopital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, 103 Grande rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69004, Lyon, France. 7. Department of Neuro-oncology, Hopital Neurologique, Institut NeuroMyoGene (INMG) INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, Bron, France.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare, JC-virus-mediated, demyelinating disease with a high mortality rate. As no recommended treatment exists, mirtazapine, a potential blocker of virus entry into cells, has been empirically used. METHODS: We analysed existing data on mirtazapine's efficacy to treat PML by systematically reviewing the literature since 2005, when it was first used. RESULTS: Searches in PubMed, EBSCO, SCOPUS and Google Scholar between January 2005 and December 2015, identified five cohort studies and 74 case reports. No statistically significant effect of mirtazapine on PML outcome was observed in the cohort studies. From studying the case reports, mortality rate for PML was associated with the underlying circumstances, such as an older age, the use of an immunosuppressant, or PML occurring in patients with a haematological malignancy or a transplant. CONCLUSIONS: Except for natalizumab-associated PML, we did not highlight any potential benefit of mirtazapine on disease outcomes. Further interventional studies are needed to confirm that 5-HT2AR inhibition is relevant to treat PML.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare, JC-virus-mediated, demyelinating disease with a high mortality rate. As no recommended treatment exists, mirtazapine, a potential blocker of virus entry into cells, has been empirically used. METHODS: We analysed existing data on mirtazapine's efficacy to treat PML by systematically reviewing the literature since 2005, when it was first used. RESULTS: Searches in PubMed, EBSCO, SCOPUS and Google Scholar between January 2005 and December 2015, identified five cohort studies and 74 case reports. No statistically significant effect of mirtazapine on PML outcome was observed in the cohort studies. From studying the case reports, mortality rate for PML was associated with the underlying circumstances, such as an older age, the use of an immunosuppressant, or PML occurring in patients with a haematological malignancy or a transplant. CONCLUSIONS: Except for natalizumab-associated PML, we did not highlight any potential benefit of mirtazapine on disease outcomes. Further interventional studies are needed to confirm that 5-HT2AR inhibition is relevant to treat PML.
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