Radiation therapy of choroidal melanoma.

During the past 8 years, 32 patients with melanoma of the choroid have been treated with cobalt-60 ophthalmic applicators. Excluding three patients lost to follow-up, 24 patients who have now been observed for at least 3 years after treatment form the subject of this study. Each application but two delivered 8,500 to 10,000 rads to the tumour apex. A second application was performed in large tumours showing a poor response to the initial plaque treatment. The factors affecting results include age of the patient, tumour size, total dose delivered, and dose rate. Three out of seventeen patients with tumour diameters greater than 12 mm died of their disease with pulmonary and/or liver metastasis. Three eyes required enucleation and no residual tumour was found in two specimens. Three patients, average age 76 years, died from causes other than melanoma. An 83 per cent relative survival, excluding the three patients lost to follow-up, compares favourably with enucleation. The low incidence of metastasis after radiotherapy suggests augmentation and/or continuation of the host's immune response. Low energy radiation using Iodine-125, with its unusual protective characteristics is ideal for treatment of choroidal melanoma.