Mammary gland and radiation: Knowns and unknowns.

Effective breast cancer management and decreasing breast cancer fatalities is contingent upon reliable diagnostic procedures and treatment modalities, including those based on ionizing radiation. On the one hand, ionizing radiation is widely used for cancer diagnostics and therapy, on the other hand it is genotoxic cancer-causing agent. Here we discuss recent studies on the effects of low (diagnostic) and high (treatment) doses of ionizing radiation on healthy breast cells, breast cancer cells, and cancer cells resistant to common drug therapies.