Zhao Yang1, Chong Li1, Zusen Fan1, Hongjie Liu2, Xiaolong Zhang3, Zhiming Cai4, Liqin Xu5, Jian Luo5, Yi Huang3, Luyun He1, Chunxiao Liu6, Song Wu7. 1. CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. 2. BGI Education Centre, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China; College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences College, Beijing 100049, China. 3. Department of Urological Surgery, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China. 4. Department of Urological Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China. 5. BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518000, China. 6. Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China. 7. Department of Urological Surgery, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China. Electronic address: wusong@szu.edu.cn.
Abstract
Cancer stem cells are considered responsible for many important aspects of tumors such as their self-renewal, tumor-initiating, drug-resistance and metastasis. However, the genetic basis and origination of human bladder cancer stem cells (BCSCs) remains unknown. Here, we conducted single-cell sequencing on 59 cells including BCSCs, bladder cancer non-stem cells (BCNSCs), bladder epithelial stem cells (BESCs) and bladder epithelial non-stem cells (BENSCs) from three bladder cancer (BC) specimens. Specifically, BCSCs demonstrate clonal homogeneity and suggest their origin from BESCs or BCNSCs through phylogenetic analysis. Moreover, 21 key altered genes were identified in BCSCs including six genes not previously described in BC (ETS1, GPRC5A, MKL1, PAWR, PITX2 and RGS9BP). Co-mutations of ARID1A, GPRC5A and MLL2 introduced by CRISPR/Cas9 significantly enhance the capabilities of self-renewal and tumor-initiating of BCNSCs. To our knowledge, our study first provides an overview of the genetic basis of human BCSCs with single-cell sequencing and demonstrates the biclonal origin of human BCSCs via evolution analysis. PATIENT SUMMARY: Human bladder cancer stem cells show the high level of consistency and may derived from bladder epithelial stem cells or bladder cancer non-stem cells. Mutations of ARID1A, GPRC5A and MLL2 grant bladder cancer non-stem cells the capability of self-renewal.
Cancer stem cells are considered responsible for many important aspects of tumors such as their self-renewal, tumor-initiating, drug-resistance and metastasis. However, the genetic basis and origination of humanbladder cancer stem cells (BCSCs) remains unknown. Here, we conducted single-cell sequencing on 59 cells including BCSCs, bladder cancer non-stem cells (BCNSCs), bladder epithelial stem cells (BESCs) and bladder epithelial non-stem cells (BENSCs) from three bladder cancer (BC) specimens. Specifically, BCSCs demonstrate clonal homogeneity and suggest their origin from BESCs or BCNSCs through phylogenetic analysis. Moreover, 21 key altered genes were identified in BCSCs including six genes not previously described in BC (ETS1, GPRC5A, MKL1, PAWR, PITX2 and RGS9BP). Co-mutations of ARID1A, GPRC5A and MLL2 introduced by CRISPR/Cas9 significantly enhance the capabilities of self-renewal and tumor-initiating of BCNSCs. To our knowledge, our study first provides an overview of the genetic basis of human BCSCs with single-cell sequencing and demonstrates the biclonal origin of human BCSCs via evolution analysis. PATIENT SUMMARY:Humanbladder cancer stem cells show the high level of consistency and may derived from bladder epithelial stem cells or bladder cancer non-stem cells. Mutations of ARID1A, GPRC5A and MLL2 grant bladder cancer non-stem cells the capability of self-renewal.
Authors: Madhuri Koti; David M Berman; D Robert Siemens; Dirk Lange; Edwin Wang; Paul Toren; Bernhard J Eigl; Céline Hardy; Robert Purves; Vincent Fradet; Yves Fradet; Jose Mansure; Wassim Kassouf; Peter C Black Journal: Can Urol Assoc J Date: 2020-10 Impact factor: 1.862