Eloïse Giabicani1, Irène Netchine, Frédéric Brioude. 1. aAP-HP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Explorations Fonctionnelles EndocriniennesbCentre de Recherche Saint Antoine, INSERM UMR_S938cSorbonne Universities, UPMC UNIV PARIS 06, Paris, France.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of review is to summarize new outcomes for the clinical characterization, molecular strategies, and therapeutic management of Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS). RECENT FINDINGS: Various teams have described the clinical characteristics of SRS patients by genotype. A clinical score for the definition of SRS and for orienting molecular investigations has emerged. Insulin-like growth factor 2 (a major fetal growth factor) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of SRS, as the principle molecular mechanism underlying the disease is loss of methylation of the 11p15 region, including the imprinted insulin-like growth factor 2 gene. Maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7 and recently identified rare molecular defects have also been reported in patients with SRS. However, 40% of patients still have no molecular diagnosis. SUMMARY: The definition of SRS has remained clinical since the first description of this condition, despite the identification of various molecular causes. The clinical issues faced by these patients are similar to those faced by other patients born small for gestational age (SGA), but patients with SRS require specific multidisciplinary management of their nutrition, growth, and metabolism, as they usually present an extreme form of SGA. Molecular analyses can confirm SRS, and are of particular importance for genetic counseling and prenatal testing.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of review is to summarize new outcomes for the clinical characterization, molecular strategies, and therapeutic management of Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS). RECENT FINDINGS: Various teams have described the clinical characteristics of SRSpatients by genotype. A clinical score for the definition of SRS and for orienting molecular investigations has emerged. Insulin-like growth factor 2 (a major fetal growth factor) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of SRS, as the principle molecular mechanism underlying the disease is loss of methylation of the 11p15 region, including the imprinted insulin-like growth factor 2 gene. Maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7 and recently identified rare molecular defects have also been reported in patients with SRS. However, 40% of patients still have no molecular diagnosis. SUMMARY: The definition of SRS has remained clinical since the first description of this condition, despite the identification of various molecular causes. The clinical issues faced by these patients are similar to those faced by other patients born small for gestational age (SGA), but patients with SRS require specific multidisciplinary management of their nutrition, growth, and metabolism, as they usually present an extreme form of SGA. Molecular analyses can confirm SRS, and are of particular importance for genetic counseling and prenatal testing.
Authors: Helen L Storr; Sumana Chatterjee; Louise A Metherell; Corinne Foley; Ron G Rosenfeld; Philippe F Backeljauw; Andrew Dauber; Martin O Savage; Vivian Hwa Journal: Endocr Rev Date: 2019-04-01 Impact factor: 19.871
Authors: J C Harper; K Aittomäki; P Borry; M C Cornel; G de Wert; W Dondorp; J Geraedts; L Gianaroli; K Ketterson; I Liebaers; K Lundin; H Mertes; M Morris; G Pennings; K Sermon; C Spits; S Soini; A P A van Montfoort; A Veiga; J R Vermeesch; S Viville; M Macek Journal: Hum Reprod Open Date: 2017-12-04
Authors: J C Harper; K Aittomäki; P Borry; M C Cornel; G de Wert; W Dondorp; J Geraedts; L Gianaroli; K Ketterson; I Liebaers; K Lundin; H Mertes; M Morris; G Pennings; K Sermon; C Spits; S Soini; A P A van Montfoort; A Veiga; J R Vermeesch; S Viville; M Macek Journal: Eur J Hum Genet Date: 2017-12-04 Impact factor: 4.246