Cecilia Pascual-Garrido1, Michael E Angeline2, Richard Ma3, Jorge Chahla4, Cliff Voigt5, Xiang Hua Deng6, Joseph Nguyen7, Russell F Warren8, Scott A Rodeo8. 1. Hip Preservation Center, Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado, 2000 South Colorado Blvd. Colorado Center Tower One, 4500, Denver, CO 80222 USA. 2. Mercy Health System, Janesville, WI USA. 3. Missouri Orthopedic Institute, University of Missouri Healthcare, Columbia, MO USA. 4. Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO USA. 5. Orthopedics Department, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY USA. 6. Laboratory for Soft Tissue Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY USA. 7. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY USA. 8. Laboratory for Soft Tissue Research and Department of Sports Medicine and Shoulder Surgery Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Vitamin D appears to play an important role in bone and cartilage metabolism since its receptors are widely found in human articular chondrocytes. Thus, effects of variation of vitamin D may directly impact cartilage and bone biology. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: The aims of this study are to compare (1) articular cartilage structure and composition and (2) trabecular and cortical bone microstructure in rats with normal versus insufficient vitamin D levels. METHODS: Twenty-five mature, male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated to two groups: (1) control arm (vitamin D replete-12 rats) and (2) an experimental arm (vitamin D deficient-13 rats). Vitamin D deficiency was induced using a vitamin D-deficient diet and UV light restriction. Rats were sacrificed after 4 weeks vitamin D deficiency was confirmed. The right knee was harvested for analysis of both the medial (MFC) and lateral femoral condyles (LFC). A region of interest was established on both condyles to correlate subchondral bone architecture and the overlying cartilage. Histological analysis was performed and graded using the modified Mankin score. Subchondral and cortical bony architecture was evaluated with micro-CT. RESULTS: After 4 weeks, the vitamin D-deficient group had statistically significant changes in cartilage structure in both the MFC and LFC [1.55 ± 0.6 vs. 4.23 ± 4.1 (p = 0.035) and 1.55 ± 0.6 vs. 3.53 ± 2.4 (p = 0.009), respectively]. Micro-CT analysis revealed no correlation between subchondral bone values and the overlying cartilage Mankin score (p = 0.460). No significant difference was evident between the subchondral bone of the control and study group. CONCLUSIONS: Low levels of vitamin D have a deleterious effect on the cartilage. Given the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the general population, these findings raise important questions about the potential role of vitamin D in articular cartilage health.
BACKGROUND:Vitamin D appears to play an important role in bone and cartilage metabolism since its receptors are widely found in human articular chondrocytes. Thus, effects of variation of vitamin D may directly impact cartilage and bone biology. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: The aims of this study are to compare (1) articular cartilage structure and composition and (2) trabecular and cortical bone microstructure in rats with normal versus insufficient vitamin D levels. METHODS: Twenty-five mature, male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated to two groups: (1) control arm (vitamin D replete-12 rats) and (2) an experimental arm (vitamin D deficient-13 rats). Vitamin D deficiency was induced using a vitamin D-deficient diet and UV light restriction. Rats were sacrificed after 4 weeks vitamin D deficiency was confirmed. The right knee was harvested for analysis of both the medial (MFC) and lateral femoral condyles (LFC). A region of interest was established on both condyles to correlate subchondral bone architecture and the overlying cartilage. Histological analysis was performed and graded using the modified Mankin score. Subchondral and cortical bony architecture was evaluated with micro-CT. RESULTS: After 4 weeks, the vitamin D-deficient group had statistically significant changes in cartilage structure in both the MFC and LFC [1.55 ± 0.6 vs. 4.23 ± 4.1 (p = 0.035) and 1.55 ± 0.6 vs. 3.53 ± 2.4 (p = 0.009), respectively]. Micro-CT analysis revealed no correlation between subchondral bone values and the overlying cartilage Mankin score (p = 0.460). No significant difference was evident between the subchondral bone of the control and study group. CONCLUSIONS: Low levels of vitamin D have a deleterious effect on the cartilage. Given the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the general population, these findings raise important questions about the potential role of vitamin D in articular cartilage health.
Entities:
Keywords:
cartilage; osteoarthritis; rat model; subchondral bone; vitamin D
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