Pelvic recurrence of an ovarian seromucinous borderline tumor detected by vaginal cytology: A case report and review of the literature.

Seromucinous borderline tumors are typically confined to the ovaries and rarely relapse after surgery. We report the case of a woman with a seromucinous borderline tumor with peritoneal implant at the Douglas pouch, who was affected by a recurrent tumor at the vaginal stump 2 years and 6 months after the primary surgery. The recurrent lesion was detected by vaginal cytology. Histology of the recurrent lesion showed perineural infiltration, and progression to low-grade adenocarcinoma was suggested. After the second surgery, vaginal cytology showed that the tumor cells remained positive. At postoperative follow-ups of ovarian borderline tumors, an examination of the specific region where recurrence is likely to occur can contribute to the early detection of tumor relapse. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:912-916.