Immunohistochemical detection of factor XIII subunit a in histiocytes of human uterus.

As spontaneous abortion is a frequent finding in females with Factor XIII (FXIII) deficiency it has been presumed that this clotting factor is essential to normal pregnancy. FXIII subunit a (FXIII A) has been demonstrated in the homogenate of human uterus, but no information on its cellular distribution has been published, so far. In the present study first FXIII A was detected in paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of human uterus by immunoperoxidase technique. Cells containing FXIII A were localized between collagen fibrils stained by Picrosirius Red F3B in the connective tissue. To characterize them the immunofluorescent detection of FXIII A was combined by the visualization of different marker antigens of monocytes and macrophages recognized by Leu-M3, RFD7, anti-HLA-DR and DAKO-anti-macrophage monoclonal antibodies on frozen sections. The coexpression of FXIII A with monocyte and macrophage differentiation marker antigens clearly proves that cells containing FXIII A in the uterus are monocyte-derived tissue macrophages. The results well agree with our previous findings demonstrating FXIII A in human monocytes and different types of macrophages. On the basis of these results, the presence of FXIII A does not seem to be a specificity of the uterus but a characteristic of monocyte/macrophage cell line including tissue macrophages, in general.