F López-Gálvez1, P Truchado1, G Sánchez2,3, R Aznar2,3, M I Gil1, A Allende4. 1. Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain. 2. Department of Biotechnology, IATA-CSIC, Valencia, Spain. 3. Department of Microbiology and Ecology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. 4. Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain. aallende@cebas.csic.es.
Abstract
AIMS: To assess the prevalence of enteric viruses in different irrigation water sources and in the irrigated produce, and the possible links with microbiological and physicochemical water characteristics. METHODS AND RESULTS: The prevalence and levels of Escherichia coli, Norovirus (NoV) genogroup I (GI) and II (GII), as well as Hepatitis A virus were assessed in three types of water: surface water (surface-W), reclaimed water subjected to secondary treatment (secondary-W) and reclaimed water subjected to tertiary treatment (tertiary-W), as well as in zucchini irrigated with these irrigation water sources. Chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity, total suspended solids, alkalinity and maximum filterable volume (MFV) were also measured in the water. Higher prevalence of NoV in secondary-W (GI 100%, GII 55·6%) and tertiary-W (GI 91·7%, GII 66·7%) compared with surface-W (GI 58·4%, GII 22·2%) was observed. Nov GI showed positive correlation with E. coli (Spearman's correlation coefficient = 0·68, P < 0·01), and with some physicochemical parameters such as COD (0·52, P < 0·01), turbidity (0·52, P < 0·01) and MFV (0·54, P < 0·01). Escherichia coli and enteric viruses were not detected in zucchini. CONCLUSION: There is a potential risk of contamination of crops with NoV when reclaimed water is used for irrigation. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Increase the knowledge on the prevalence of enteric viruses in different irrigation water sources, and its consequences for fresh produce safety.
AIMS: To assess the prevalence of enteric viruses in different irrigation water sources and in the irrigated produce, and the possible links with microbiological and physicochemical water characteristics. METHODS AND RESULTS: The prevalence and levels of Escherichia coli, Norovirus (NoV) genogroup I (GI) and II (GII), as well as Hepatitis A virus were assessed in three types of water: surface water (surface-W), reclaimed water subjected to secondary treatment (secondary-W) and reclaimed water subjected to tertiary treatment (tertiary-W), as well as in zucchini irrigated with these irrigation water sources. Chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity, total suspended solids, alkalinity and maximum filterable volume (MFV) were also measured in the water. Higher prevalence of NoV in secondary-W (GI 100%, GII 55·6%) and tertiary-W (GI 91·7%, GII 66·7%) compared with surface-W (GI 58·4%, GII 22·2%) was observed. Nov GI showed positive correlation with E. coli (Spearman's correlation coefficient = 0·68, P < 0·01), and with some physicochemical parameters such as COD (0·52, P < 0·01), turbidity (0·52, P < 0·01) and MFV (0·54, P < 0·01). Escherichia coli and enteric viruses were not detected in zucchini. CONCLUSION: There is a potential risk of contamination of crops with NoV when reclaimed water is used for irrigation. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Increase the knowledge on the prevalence of enteric viruses in different irrigation water sources, and its consequences for fresh produce safety.
Authors: Brienna L Anderson-Coughlin; Shani Craighead; Alyssa Kelly; Samantha Gartley; Adam Vanore; Gordon Johnson; Chengsheng Jiang; Joseph Haymaker; Chanelle White; Derek Foust; Rico Duncan; Cheryl East; Eric T Handy; Rhodel Bradshaw; Rianna Murray; Prachi Kulkarni; Mary Theresa Callahan; Sultana Solaiman; Walter Betancourt; Charles Gerba; Sarah Allard; Salina Parveen; Fawzy Hashem; Shirley A Micallef; Amir Sapkota; Amy R Sapkota; Manan Sharma; Kalmia E Kniel Journal: Appl Environ Microbiol Date: 2021-06-11 Impact factor: 4.792
Authors: Peng Tian; David Yang; Lei Shan; Dapeng Wang; Qianqian Li; Lisa Gorski; Bertram G Lee; Beatriz Quiñones; Michael B Cooley Journal: Front Microbiol Date: 2017-08-21 Impact factor: 5.640