Soo-Hyun Lee1, Eunkyung Suh2, Kyung-Chae Park1, Ji-Hee Haam1, KyongChol Kim3, Hyung Suk Koo4, Beom-Hee Choi5, Bo Youn Won1, Ki-Hyun Park1, Kye-Seon Park1, Moon-Jong Kim1, Young-Sang Kim1. 1. 1Department of Family Medicine,Bundang CHA Medical Center,CHA University,59 Yatap-ro,Bundang-gu,Seongnam-si,Gyeonggi-do 463-712,Republic of Korea. 2. 2Department of Family Medicine,Chaum Hospital,CHA University,Seoul,Republic of Korea. 3. 3Antiaging Center,Chaum Life Center,CHA University,Seoul,Republic of Korea. 4. 4Bundang Oriental Hospital,Dongguk University,Kyeonggi-do,Republic of Korea. 5. 5CHAUM Medical Check-UP Center,CHA University,Seoul,Republic of Korea.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine the hypothesis that the association between vitamin D deficiency and depressive symptoms is dependent upon total cholesterol level in a representative national sample of the South Korean population. DESIGN: This was a population-based cross-sectional study. SETTING: The Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V, 2010-2012). SUBJECTS: We included 7198 adults aged 20-88 years. RESULTS: The incidence of depressive symptoms in individuals with vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D<20 ng/ml) was 1·54-fold (95 % CI 1·20, 1·98) greater than in individuals without vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D ≥20 ng/ml). The relationship was stronger in individuals with normal-to-borderline serum total cholesterol (serum total cholesterol<240 mg/dl; OR=1·60; 95 % CI 1·23, 2·08) and non-significant in individuals with high serum total cholesterol (OR=0·97; 95 % CI 0·52, 1·81) after adjustment for confounding variables (age, sex, BMI, alcohol consumption, smoking status, regular exercise, income level, education level, marital status, changes in body weight, perceived body shape, season of examination date and cholesterol profiles). CONCLUSIONS: The association between vitamin D deficiency and depressive symptoms was weakened by high serum total cholesterol status. These findings suggest that both vitamin D and total cholesterol are important targets for the prevention and treatment of depression.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the hypothesis that the association between vitamin Ddeficiency and depressive symptoms is dependent upon total cholesterol level in a representative national sample of the South Korean population. DESIGN: This was a population-based cross-sectional study. SETTING: The Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V, 2010-2012). SUBJECTS: We included 7198 adults aged 20-88 years. RESULTS: The incidence of depressive symptoms in individuals with vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D<20 ng/ml) was 1·54-fold (95 % CI 1·20, 1·98) greater than in individuals without vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D ≥20 ng/ml). The relationship was stronger in individuals with normal-to-borderline serum total cholesterol (serum total cholesterol<240 mg/dl; OR=1·60; 95 % CI 1·23, 2·08) and non-significant in individuals with high serum total cholesterol (OR=0·97; 95 % CI 0·52, 1·81) after adjustment for confounding variables (age, sex, BMI, alcohol consumption, smoking status, regular exercise, income level, education level, marital status, changes in body weight, perceived body shape, season of examination date and cholesterol profiles). CONCLUSIONS: The association between vitamin Ddeficiency and depressive symptoms was weakened by high serum total cholesterol status. These findings suggest that both vitamin D and total cholesterol are important targets for the prevention and treatment of depression.
Entities:
Keywords:
Depression; Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D; TAG; Total cholesterol