Alberto Caminero1, Heather J Galipeau1, Justin L McCarville1, Chad W Johnston2, Steve P Bernier1, Amy K Russell3, Jennifer Jury1, Alexandra R Herran4, Javier Casqueiro4, Jason A Tye-Din5, Michael G Surette6, Nathan A Magarvey2, Detlef Schuppan7, Elena F Verdu8. 1. Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. 2. Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. 3. Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. 4. Área de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología y Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de León, León, Spain. 5. Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Gastroenterology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. 6. Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. 7. Institute for Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany. 8. Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: verdue@mcmaster.ca.
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Partially degraded gluten peptides from cereals trigger celiac disease (CD), an autoimmune enteropathy occurring in genetically susceptible persons. Susceptibility genes are necessary but not sufficient to induce CD, and additional environmental factors related to unfavorable alterations in the microbiota have been proposed. We investigated gluten metabolism by opportunistic pathogens and commensal duodenal bacteria and characterized the capacity of the produced peptides to activate gluten-specific T-cells from CD patients. METHODS: We colonized germ-free C57BL/6 mice with bacteria isolated from the small intestine of CD patients or healthy controls, selected for their in vitro gluten-degrading capacity. After gluten gavage, gliadin amount and proteolytic activities were measured in intestinal contents. Peptides produced by bacteria used in mouse colonizations from the immunogenic 33-mer gluten peptide were characterized by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and their immunogenic potential was evaluated using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from celiac patients after receiving a 3-day gluten challenge. RESULTS: Bacterial colonizations produced distinct gluten-degradation patterns in the mouse small intestine. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic pathogen from CD patients, exhibited elastase activity and produced peptides that better translocated the mouse intestinal barrier. P aeruginosa-modified gluten peptides activated gluten-specific T-cells from CD patients. In contrast, Lactobacillus spp. from the duodenum of non-CD controls degraded gluten peptides produced by human and P aeruginosa proteases, reducing their immunogenicity. CONCLUSIONS: Small intestinal bacteria exhibit distinct gluten metabolic patterns in vivo, increasing or reducing gluten peptide immunogenicity. This microbe-gluten-host interaction may modulate autoimmune risk in genetically susceptible persons and may underlie the reported association of dysbiosis and CD.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Partially degraded gluten peptides from cereals trigger celiac disease (CD), an autoimmune enteropathy occurring in genetically susceptible persons. Susceptibility genes are necessary but not sufficient to induce CD, and additional environmental factors related to unfavorable alterations in the microbiota have been proposed. We investigated gluten metabolism by opportunistic pathogens and commensal duodenal bacteria and characterized the capacity of the produced peptides to activate gluten-specific T-cells from CD patients. METHODS: We colonized germ-free C57BL/6 mice with bacteria isolated from the small intestine of CD patients or healthy controls, selected for their in vitro gluten-degrading capacity. After gluten gavage, gliadin amount and proteolytic activities were measured in intestinal contents. Peptides produced by bacteria used in mouse colonizations from the immunogenic 33-mer gluten peptide were characterized by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and their immunogenic potential was evaluated using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from celiac patients after receiving a 3-day gluten challenge. RESULTS: Bacterial colonizations produced distinct gluten-degradation patterns in the mouse small intestine. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic pathogen from CD patients, exhibited elastase activity and produced peptides that better translocated the mouse intestinal barrier. P aeruginosa-modified gluten peptides activated gluten-specific T-cells from CD patients. In contrast, Lactobacillus spp. from the duodenum of non-CD controls degraded gluten peptides produced by human and P aeruginosa proteases, reducing their immunogenicity. CONCLUSIONS: Small intestinal bacteria exhibit distinct gluten metabolic patterns in vivo, increasing or reducing gluten peptide immunogenicity. This microbe-gluten-host interaction may modulate autoimmune risk in genetically susceptible persons and may underlie the reported association of dysbiosis and CD.
Authors: J L McCarville; J Dong; A Caminero; M Bermudez-Brito; J Jury; J A Murray; S Duboux; M Steinmann; M Delley; M Tangyu; P Langella; A Mercenier; G Bergonzelli; E F Verdu Journal: Appl Environ Microbiol Date: 2017-09-15 Impact factor: 4.792
Authors: Na Tian; Lina Faller; Daniel A Leffler; Ciaran P Kelly; Joshua Hansen; Jos A Bosch; Guoxian Wei; Bruce J Paster; Detlef Schuppan; Eva J Helmerhorst Journal: Appl Environ Microbiol Date: 2017-03-02 Impact factor: 4.792
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Authors: Laura Kivelä; Alberto Caminero; Daniel A Leffler; Maria Ines Pinto-Sanchez; Jason A Tye-Din; Katri Lindfors Journal: Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol Date: 2020-11-20 Impact factor: 46.802