Kanecia Zimmerman1, Martin Putera2, Christoph P Hornik1, P Brian Smith1, Daniel K Benjamin1, Yeruk Mulugeta3, Gilbert J Burckart3, Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez4, Daniel Gonzalez5. 1. Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina. 2. Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina. 3. Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland. 4. Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina. Electronic address: michael.cohenwolkowiez@duke.edu. 5. Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Over the last decade, few new antibiotics have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for pediatric use. For most anti-infective agents, including antibiotics, extrapolation of efficacy from adults to children is possible if the disease and therapeutic exposures are similar between the 2 populations. This approach reduces the number of studies required in children, but relies heavily on exposure matching between children and adults. Failures in exposure matching can lead to delays in pediatric approvals of new anti-infective agents. We sought to determine the extent of exposure matching, defined by a comparison of area under the concentration-time curve, between children and adults, for anti-infective drug products submitted to the FDA for approval. METHODS: We reviewed anti-infective submissions to the FDA (2002-2014) for pediatric indication. We included drug products administered via oral, intravenous, or intramuscular administration routes, and those with AUC estimates for children in available FDA reports. Our main outcome of interest was the proportion of drugs with median (or mean) pediatric AUC within 20% of the median (or mean) reported adult value. FINDINGS: We identified 29 drug products that met inclusion criteria, 14 (48%) of which had mean (or median) AUCs of all submitted age groups within 20% of that in adults. Only route of administration and drug class were associated with pediatric AUC within 20% of adult AUC. IMPLICATIONS: Future research is needed to define criteria for and predictors of successful exposure matching of anti-infectives between children and adults. Published by Elsevier Inc.
PURPOSE: Over the last decade, few new antibiotics have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for pediatric use. For most anti-infective agents, including antibiotics, extrapolation of efficacy from adults to children is possible if the disease and therapeutic exposures are similar between the 2 populations. This approach reduces the number of studies required in children, but relies heavily on exposure matching between children and adults. Failures in exposure matching can lead to delays in pediatric approvals of new anti-infective agents. We sought to determine the extent of exposure matching, defined by a comparison of area under the concentration-time curve, between children and adults, for anti-infective drug products submitted to the FDA for approval. METHODS: We reviewed anti-infective submissions to the FDA (2002-2014) for pediatric indication. We included drug products administered via oral, intravenous, or intramuscular administration routes, and those with AUC estimates for children in available FDA reports. Our main outcome of interest was the proportion of drugs with median (or mean) pediatric AUC within 20% of the median (or mean) reported adult value. FINDINGS: We identified 29 drug products that met inclusion criteria, 14 (48%) of which had mean (or median) AUCs of all submitted age groups within 20% of that in adults. Only route of administration and drug class were associated with pediatric AUC within 20% of adult AUC. IMPLICATIONS: Future research is needed to define criteria for and predictors of successful exposure matching of anti-infectives between children and adults. Published by Elsevier Inc.
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