[Design of a genomic, environmental, microbial and metabolomic study on celiac disease: an approach to the future of personalized prevention of celiac disease].

Over recent years we have seen rising many clinical and scientific innovations about celiac disease (CE), however the most important innovation that will contribute to change the future of the research and clinic in this field is the natural history of the disease. For many years it has been though that a genetic predisposition and the exposure to gluten were necessary and sufficient to develop CE. Recent studies, however, suggest that the loss of tolerance to gluten may occur in any moment of life upon certain conditions. Furthermore, several environmental factors known to play a role in shaping the intestinal microflora have also been considered related to the development of CE. Delivery mode, the infant diet and the use of antibiotics are included among these factors. To this day no large scale studies have determined if and how the microbiome composition and its metabolomic profile may influence the loss of tolerance to gluten and the consequent development of CE. In this paper we describe a prospective, multi-centric and longitudinal study on infants at risk for CE that will use different techniques to better understand the role of the microbome during the first steps in the development of the autoimmune disease.