Sverre Hougsnæs1, Hans Jacob Bøe1, Alv A Dahl2,3, Jon G Reichelt1. 1. a Norwegian Armed Forces Joint Medical Services, Institute of Military Psychiatry , Oslo , Norway. 2. b National Resource Center for Late Effects after Cancer Treatment, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet , Oslo , Norway. 3. c University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Deployment of soldiers is associated with considerable rates of mental disorders after redeployment. AIMS: The aim of this study was to identity prevalence of probable mental disorders and associated factors among male Norwegian soldiers at a mean of 4 years following deployment to Afghanistan in 2001-2011. METHODS: The retrospective questionnaire-based study invited all Norwegian veterans deployed to Afghanistan from 2001-2011 to participate. The response rate was 59%, but only the 3403 men (47.5%) who completed all items of the four different screening instruments were used to define cases with mental health problems were included. Independent variables covered deployment and post-deployment issues. RESULTS: The prevalence of subjects with mental health problems was 5.1% (95% CI = 4.4-5.9%) of the sample. Among deployment-related factors, physical and mental problems during deployment were most strongly associated with mental health problems after deployment. Among post-deployment factors high neuroticism and limitations in work, social, and family functions showed the strongest associations. In multivariable analysis, younger age at first deployment (OR = 0.95), neuroticism (OR = 6.40), increased current alcohol intake (OR = 3.08), impaired family function (OR = 1.91), more sleep problems (OR =1.13), and increased negative civilian life events (OR = 1.39) remained significantly associated with probable mental disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Among male Norwegian veterans from Afghanistan, the prevalence of mental health problems was low, and mainly associated with post-deployment factors. Veterans complaining of mental symptoms should be diagnosed, treated, and examined for other problems of life.
BACKGROUND: Deployment of soldiers is associated with considerable rates of mental disorders after redeployment. AIMS: The aim of this study was to identity prevalence of probable mental disorders and associated factors among male Norwegian soldiers at a mean of 4 years following deployment to Afghanistan in 2001-2011. METHODS: The retrospective questionnaire-based study invited all Norwegian veterans deployed to Afghanistan from 2001-2011 to participate. The response rate was 59%, but only the 3403 men (47.5%) who completed all items of the four different screening instruments were used to define cases with mental health problems were included. Independent variables covered deployment and post-deployment issues. RESULTS: The prevalence of subjects with mental health problems was 5.1% (95% CI = 4.4-5.9%) of the sample. Among deployment-related factors, physical and mental problems during deployment were most strongly associated with mental health problems after deployment. Among post-deployment factors high neuroticism and limitations in work, social, and family functions showed the strongest associations. In multivariable analysis, younger age at first deployment (OR = 0.95), neuroticism (OR = 6.40), increased current alcohol intake (OR = 3.08), impaired family function (OR = 1.91), more sleep problems (OR =1.13), and increased negative civilian life events (OR = 1.39) remained significantly associated with probable mental disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Among male Norwegian veterans from Afghanistan, the prevalence of mental health problems was low, and mainly associated with post-deployment factors. Veterans complaining of mental symptoms should be diagnosed, treated, and examined for other problems of life.
Entities:
Keywords:
Deployment; epidemiology; mental health problems; military combat; veterans
Authors: Carl-Martin Pethrus; Johan Reutfors; Kari Johansson; Kristian Neovius; Jonas Söderling; Martin Neovius; Gustaf Bruze Journal: PLoS One Date: 2019-02-01 Impact factor: 3.240