Matthew P Kronman1, Assaf P Oron2, Rachael K Ross3, Adam L Hersh4, Jason G Newland5, Adam Goldin6, Shawn J Rangel7, Scott J Weissman8, Danielle M Zerr9, Jeffrey S Gerber3. 1. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Center for Clinical and Translational Research, and matthew.kronman@seattlechildrens.org. 2. Center for Clinical and Translational Research, and. 3. Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; 4. Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; 5. Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri; 6. Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and. 7. Department of Pediatric Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. 8. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Center for Global Infectious Diseases Research, Seattle Children's Hospital Research Institute, Seattle, Washington; 9. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Center for Clinical and Translational Research, and.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Appendicitis guidelines recommend either narrower- or extended-spectrum antibiotics for treatment of complicated appendicitis. The goal of this study was to compare the effectiveness of extended-spectrum versus narrower-spectrum antibiotics for children with appendicitis. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study of children aged 3 to 18 years discharged between 2011 and 2013 from 23 freestanding children's hospitals with an appendicitis diagnosis and appendectomy performed. Subjects were classified as having complicated appendicitis if they had a postoperative length of stay ≥3 days, a central venous catheter placed, major or severe illness classification, or ICU admission. The exposure of interest was receipt of systemic extended-spectrum antibiotics (piperacillin ± tazobactam, ticarcillin ± clavulanate, ceftazidime, cefepime, or a carbapenem) on the day of appendectomy or the day after. The primary outcome was 30-day readmission for wound infection or repeat abdominal surgery. Multivariable logistic regression, propensity score weighting, and subgroup analyses were used to control for confounding by indication. RESULTS: Of 24 984 patients, 17 654 (70.7%) had uncomplicated appendicitis and 7330 (29.3%) had complicated appendicitis. Overall, 664 (2.7%) patients experienced the primary outcome, 1.1% among uncomplicated cases and 6.4% among complicated cases (P < .001). Extended-spectrum antibiotic exposure was significantly associated with the primary outcome in complicated (adjusted odds ratio, 1.43 [95% confidence interval, 1.06 to 1.93]), but not uncomplicated, (adjusted odds ratio, 1.32 [95% confidence interval, 0.88 to 1.98]) appendicitis. These odds ratios remained consistent across additional analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Extended-spectrum antibiotics seem to offer no advantage over narrower-spectrum agents for children with surgically managed acute uncomplicated or complicated appendicitis.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Appendicitis guidelines recommend either narrower- or extended-spectrum antibiotics for treatment of complicated appendicitis. The goal of this study was to compare the effectiveness of extended-spectrum versus narrower-spectrum antibiotics for children with appendicitis. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study of children aged 3 to 18 years discharged between 2011 and 2013 from 23 freestanding children's hospitals with an appendicitis diagnosis and appendectomy performed. Subjects were classified as having complicated appendicitis if they had a postoperative length of stay ≥3 days, a central venous catheter placed, major or severe illness classification, or ICU admission. The exposure of interest was receipt of systemic extended-spectrum antibiotics (piperacillin ± tazobactam, ticarcillin ± clavulanate, ceftazidime, cefepime, or a carbapenem) on the day of appendectomy or the day after. The primary outcome was 30-day readmission for wound infection or repeat abdominal surgery. Multivariable logistic regression, propensity score weighting, and subgroup analyses were used to control for confounding by indication. RESULTS: Of 24 984 patients, 17 654 (70.7%) had uncomplicated appendicitis and 7330 (29.3%) had complicated appendicitis. Overall, 664 (2.7%) patients experienced the primary outcome, 1.1% among uncomplicated cases and 6.4% among complicated cases (P < .001). Extended-spectrum antibiotic exposure was significantly associated with the primary outcome in complicated (adjusted odds ratio, 1.43 [95% confidence interval, 1.06 to 1.93]), but not uncomplicated, (adjusted odds ratio, 1.32 [95% confidence interval, 0.88 to 1.98]) appendicitis. These odds ratios remained consistent across additional analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Extended-spectrum antibiotics seem to offer no advantage over narrower-spectrum agents for children with surgically managed acute uncomplicated or complicated appendicitis.
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