Sina Heimer1, Patrick R Schmidlin2, Bogna Stawarczyk3. 1. Department of Prosthodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany. 2. Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. 3. Department of Prosthodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany. bogna.stawarczyk@med.uni-muenchen.de.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: To assess the discoloration and stain removal potential of different cleaning methods relevant to individual/professional prophylaxis and laboratory cleaning on polyetheretherketone (PEEK), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based, and composite (COMP) materials after storage in different media for 7 days. METHODS: One thousand three hundred twenty specimens of PEEK, PMMA, and COMP (N = 440 of each group) were prepared and stored in four different media for 7 days to cause stain. Samples were divided into three cleaning groups (n = 10): (i) individual prophylaxis, (ii) laboratory protocols, and (iii) professional prophylaxis. Color was determined by a portable spectrophotometer and calculated between different time points (∆E). The data was statistically evaluated using univariate analyses, Kruskal-Wallis H and Mann-Whitney U tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The significantly (p < 0.001) lowest discoloration was found when specimens were stored in distilled water and chlorhexidine (CHX), followed by red wine. Curry solution caused the highest discoloration. PEEK showed the significantly (p < 0.001) lowest color changes, while COMP showed the highest changes. Ultrasonic bath and Air Flow Plus (AFP) were the significantly (p < 0.001) most effective methods to remove staining. The least cleaning effect was found using a soft toothbrush (ST), a medium-hard toothbrush (MT), and SunSparkle (SS) cleaning system. CONCLUSIONS: PEEK seems more stable against discolorations than other denture resin materials. Regarding the cleaning potential, individual prophylaxis can be conducted with toothbrushes. For professional prophylaxis, air-abrasion devices using gentle powders are effective. Laboratory protocols should include gentle cleaning methods like ultrasonic bath. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Clinicians and dental technicians should inform their patients about the discoloration potential of certain foods/beverages and recommend the most efficient cleaning, but preventive methods.
INTRODUCTION: To assess the discoloration and stain removal potential of different cleaning methods relevant to individual/professional prophylaxis and laboratory cleaning on polyetheretherketone (PEEK), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based, and composite (COMP) materials after storage in different media for 7 days. METHODS: One thousand three hundred twenty specimens of PEEK, PMMA, and COMP (N = 440 of each group) were prepared and stored in four different media for 7 days to cause stain. Samples were divided into three cleaning groups (n = 10): (i) individual prophylaxis, (ii) laboratory protocols, and (iii) professional prophylaxis. Color was determined by a portable spectrophotometer and calculated between different time points (∆E). The data was statistically evaluated using univariate analyses, Kruskal-Wallis H and Mann-Whitney U tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The significantly (p < 0.001) lowest discoloration was found when specimens were stored in distilled water and chlorhexidine (CHX), followed by red wine. Curry solution caused the highest discoloration. PEEK showed the significantly (p < 0.001) lowest color changes, while COMP showed the highest changes. Ultrasonic bath and Air Flow Plus (AFP) were the significantly (p < 0.001) most effective methods to remove staining. The least cleaning effect was found using a soft toothbrush (ST), a medium-hard toothbrush (MT), and SunSparkle (SS) cleaning system. CONCLUSIONS:PEEK seems more stable against discolorations than other denture resin materials. Regarding the cleaning potential, individual prophylaxis can be conducted with toothbrushes. For professional prophylaxis, air-abrasion devices using gentle powders are effective. Laboratory protocols should include gentle cleaning methods like ultrasonic bath. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Clinicians and dental technicians should inform their patients about the discoloration potential of certain foods/beverages and recommend the most efficient cleaning, but preventive methods.
Authors: K J Nightingale; S K Chinta; P Agarwal; M Nemelivsky; A C Frisina; Z Cao; R G Norman; G S Fisch; P Corby Journal: Int J Dent Hyg Date: 2014-04-17 Impact factor: 2.477