Guanghui Liang1, Zhitao Gu2, Yin Li1, Jianhua Fu3, Yi Shen4, Yucheng Wei4, Lijie Tan5, Peng Zhang6, Yongtao Han7, Chun Chen8, Renquan Zhang9, Ke-Neng Chen10, Hezhong Chen11, Yongyu Liu12, Youbing Cui13, Yun Wang14, Liewen Pang15, Zhentao Yu16, Xinming Zhou17, Yangchun Liu18, Yuan Liu2, Wentao Fang2. 1. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China. 2. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China. 3. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China. 4. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266001, China. 5. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. 6. Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China. 7. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China. 8. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China. 9. Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China. 10. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing 100142, China. 11. Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China. 12. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang 110042, China. 13. Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China. 14. Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China. 15. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. 16. Department of Esophageal Cancer, Tianjin Cancer Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China. 17. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China. 18. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangxi People's Hospital, Nanchang 330006, China.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: To compare the predictive effect of the Masaoka-Koga staging system and the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC)/the International Thymic Malignancies Interest Group (ITMIG) proposal for the new TNM staging on prognosis of thymic malignancies using the Chinese Alliance for Research in Thymomas (ChART) retrospective database. METHODS: From 1992 to 2012, 2,370 patients in ChART database were retrospectively reviewed. Of these, 1,198 patients with complete information on TNM stage, Masaoka-Koga stage, and survival were used for analysis. Cumulative incidence of recurrence (CIR) was assessed in R0 patients. Overall survival (OS) was evaluated both in an R0 resected cohort, as well as in all patients (any R status). CIR and OS were first analyzed according to the Masaoka-Koga staging system. Then, they were compared using the new TNM staging proposal. RESULTS: Based on Masaoka-Koga staging system, significant difference was detected in CIR among all stages. However, No survival difference was revealed between stage I and II, or between stage II and III. Stage IV carried the highest risk of recurrence and worst survival. According to the new TNM staging proposal, CIR in T1a was significantly lower comparing to all other T categories (P<0.05) and there is a significant difference in OS between T1a and T1b (P=0.004). T4 had the worst OS comparing to all other T categories. CIR and OS were significantly worse in N(+) than in N0 patients. Significant difference in CIR and OS was detected between M0 and M1b, but not between M0 and M1a. OS was almost always statistically different when comparison was made between stages I-IIIa and stages IIIb-IVb. However, no statistical difference could be detected among stages IIIb to IVb. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with Masaoka-Koga staging, the IASLC/ITMIG TNM staging proposal not only describes the extent of tumor invasion but also provides information on lymphatic involvement and tumor dissemination. Further study using prospectively recorded information on the proposed TNM categories would be helpful to better grouping thymic tumors for predicting prognosis and guiding clinical management. .
BACKGROUND: To compare the predictive effect of the Masaoka-Koga staging system and the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC)/the International Thymic Malignancies Interest Group (ITMIG) proposal for the new TNM staging on prognosis of thymic malignancies using the Chinese Alliance for Research in Thymomas (ChART) retrospective database. METHODS: From 1992 to 2012, 2,370 patients in ChART database were retrospectively reviewed. Of these, 1,198 patients with complete information on TNM stage, Masaoka-Koga stage, and survival were used for analysis. Cumulative incidence of recurrence (CIR) was assessed in R0 patients. Overall survival (OS) was evaluated both in an R0 resected cohort, as well as in all patients (any R status). CIR and OS were first analyzed according to the Masaoka-Koga staging system. Then, they were compared using the new TNM staging proposal. RESULTS: Based on Masaoka-Koga staging system, significant difference was detected in CIR among all stages. However, No survival difference was revealed between stage I and II, or between stage II and III. Stage IV carried the highest risk of recurrence and worst survival. According to the new TNM staging proposal, CIR in T1a was significantly lower comparing to all other T categories (P<0.05) and there is a significant difference in OS between T1a and T1b (P=0.004). T4 had the worst OS comparing to all other T categories. CIR and OS were significantly worse in N(+) than in N0 patients. Significant difference in CIR and OS was detected between M0 and M1b, but not between M0 and M1a. OS was almost always statistically different when comparison was made between stages I-IIIa and stages IIIb-IVb. However, no statistical difference could be detected among stages IIIb to IVb. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with Masaoka-Koga staging, the IASLC/ITMIG TNM staging proposal not only describes the extent of tumor invasion but also provides information on lymphatic involvement and tumor dissemination. Further study using prospectively recorded information on the proposed TNM categories would be helpful to better grouping thymic tumors for predicting prognosis and guiding clinical management. .
迄今为止,胸腺肿瘤尚无被广泛采纳应用的分期系统,也无被国际癌症联盟(Union for International Cancer Control, UICC)定义的官方分期系统。由Koga等改良的Masaoka分期系统是目前相对应用最广泛的分期系统[。虽然该分期系统在许多研究中表明与胸腺肿瘤的预后具有相关性[,但它仅仅建立在一个3 0年前单中心小样本(n=91例)研究之上。与大多数其他恶性肿瘤分期系统相比,Masaoka-Koga系统是不全面的,它不能像TNM分期那样将淋巴结转移或血液转移与肿瘤直接侵犯对预后的影响加以区分。因此,胸腺肿瘤需要一个建立在大样本数据之上的TNM分期来指导将来的实践和研究[。在胸腺肿瘤协作组(International Thymic Malignancy Interest Group, ITMIG)和国际肺癌协会(International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, IASLC)联合协作下,胸腺肿瘤预后与分期专业委员会最近推荐了一个新的TNM分期系统[。在此,我们使用中国胸腺瘤协作组(Chinese Alliance for Research in Thymomas, ChART)回顾性数据库的资料对这两种分期系统进行比较。
Kaplan-Meier survival curves: Overall survival of patients with any R resection in different stage by the Masaoka-Koga staging (Logrank).
基于Masaoka-Koga分期R0患者复发或死亡总数的比例Total proportion of recurrences or deaths of R0 patients base on Masaoka-Koga staging system基于Masaoka-Koga分期Rany患者复发或死亡总数的比例Total proportion of recurrences or deaths of R any patients base on Masaoka-Koga staging systemKaplan-Meier生存曲线:按照Masaoka-Koga分期,R0切除不同分期患者的累积复发率(Log-rank)。Kaplan-Meier survival curves: Cumulative recurrence rate of patients with R0 resection in different stage by the Masaoka-Koga staging (Log-rank).Masaoka-Koga分期之间的差异Differences between Masaoka-Koga categoriesKaplan-Meier生存曲线:按照Masaoka-Koga分期,任何R切除不同分期患者的总体生存期(Log-rank)。Kaplan-Meier survival curves: Overall survival of patients with any R resection in different stage by the Masaoka-Koga staging (Logrank).根据新的TNM分期方案,病理分期为Ⅰ期886例,Ⅱ期48例,Ⅲ期205例、Ⅳa期38例、Ⅳb期21例。R0切除患者复发率随着肿瘤分期的增高而增加(表 4),同时所有患者的总体生存率随着分期的降低而减低(表 5)。在分期为TxN0M0的R0切除患者中,T1a患者累积复发率低于其他T分期的患者(P<0.05),值得注意的是T1a与T1b之间累积复发率差异亦有统计学意义(P=0.002, 1)。然而,T1b和T2或T3之间相比差异无统计学意义(P值分别为P=0.315,P=0.215),T2和T3之间的差异亦无统计学意义(P=0.963,图 3)。对于分期为TxN0M0的R0切除患者的总体生存率,T1a期患者高于T1b期患者(P= 0.004),而T1b期患者和T2或T3期相比无统计学差异(P值分别为P=0.428,P=0.481,图 4)。对于分期为TxN0M0的R1和R 2切除的患者,T4期患者总生存率低于其他T分期患者(P<0.05,图 5)。Cox分析显示T1a期和T1b患者之间总生存率差异有统计学意义(P < 0.001),T3期和T4期患者之间总生产率差异亦具有统计学意义(P=0.001);而T2期和T3期患者之间无统计学差异(P=0.72,表 6)。
4
基于IASLC/ITMIG TNM分期的R0切除患者的复发或死亡总数的比例
Total proportion of recurrences or deaths of R0 patients base on the IASLC/ITMIG TNM staging proposal
Kaplan-Meier survival curves: Cumulative recurrence rate of TxN0M0 patients with R0 resection in different T stage by the IASLC/ ITMIG TNM staging proposal (Log-rank).
Kaplan-Meier survival curves: Overall survival of TxN0M0 patients with R0 resection in different T stage by the IASLC/ITMIG TNM staging proposal (Log-rank).
Kaplan-Meier survival curves: Overall survival of TxN0M0 patients with R any resection in different T stage by the IASLC/ITMIG TNM staging proposal (Log-rank).
6
T分期的差异(IASLC/ITMIG TNM分期)
Differences between T categories (IASLC/ITMIG TNM staging proposal)
基于IASLC/ITMIG TNM分期的R0切除患者的复发或死亡总数的比例Total proportion of recurrences or deaths of R0 patients base on the IASLC/ITMIG TNM staging proposal基于IASLC/ITMIG TNM分期的Rany切除患者的复发或死亡总数的比例Total proportion of recurrences or deaths of R any patients base on the IASLC/ITMIG TNM staging proposalT分期的差异(IASLC/ITMIG TNM分期)Differences between T categories (IASLC/ITMIG TNM staging proposal)Kaplan-Meier生存曲线:按照IASLC/ITMIG TNM分期,R0切除的TxN0M0患者在不同T分期累积复发率(Log-rank)。Kaplan-Meier survival curves: Cumulative recurrence rate of TxN0M0 patients with R0 resection in different T stage by the IASLC/ ITMIG TNM staging proposal (Log-rank).Kaplan-Meier生存曲线:按照IASLC/ITMIG TNM分期,R0切除的TxN0M0患者在不同T分期总体生存率(Log-rank)。Kaplan-Meier survival curves: Overall survival of TxN0M0 patients with R0 resection in different T stage by the IASLC/ITMIG TNM staging proposal (Log-rank).Kaplan-Meier生存曲线:按照IASLC/ITMIG TNM分期,Rany切除的TxN0M0患者在不同T分期总体生存率(Log-rank)。Kaplan-Meier survival curves: Overall survival of TxN0M0 patients with R any resection in different T stage by the IASLC/ITMIG TNM staging proposal (Log-rank).对于N分期,R0切除患者的累积复发率见图 6,所有患者的总体生存率见图 7。N0患者的累积复发率和总生存率均优于N(+)患者(P < 0.05),而N1和N2患者之间二者无统计学差异(P > 0.05)。Cox分析显示,N(+)患者累及复发率及总生存率均差于N0患者,是独立的不良预后因素(表 7)。
Kaplan-Meier survival curves: Cumulative recurrence rate of patients with R0 resection in different N stage by the IASLC/ITMIG TNM staging proposal (Log-rank).
Kaplan-Meier生存曲线:按照IASLC/ITMIG TNM分期,R0切除的患者在不同N分期累积复发率(Log-rank)。Kaplan-Meier survival curves: Cumulative recurrence rate of patients with R0 resection in different N stage by the IASLC/ITMIG TNM staging proposal (Log-rank).Kaplan-Meier生存曲线:按照IASLC/ITMIG TNM分期,R0切除的患者在不同N分期总体生存率(Log-rank)。Kaplan-Meier survival curves: Overall survival of patients with R any resection in different N stage by the IASLC/ITMIG TNM staging proposal.N分期的差异(IASLC/ITMIG TNM分期)Differences between N Categories (IASLC/ITMIG TNM staging proposal)对于M分期,M0患者的累积复发率低于M1患者(P < 0.05),而M1a和M1b患者之间累积生存率无统计学差异(P=0.263,图 8)。M0与M1a患者之间总生存差异无统计学意义(P=0.682,图 9),同样M1a和M1b之间亦无统计学差异(P=0.109)。
Kaplan-Meier sur vival cur ves: Cumulative recurrence/ progression rate of patients with R any resection in different M stage by the IASLC/ITMIG TNM staging proposal (Log-rank).
Kaplan-Meier survival curves: Overall survival of patients with R any resection in different M stage by the 8th edition TNM staging (Log-rank).
Kaplan-Meier生存曲线:按照IASLC/ITMIG TNM分期,Rany切除的患者在不同M分期累积复发率或进展率(Log-rank)。Kaplan-Meier sur vival cur ves: Cumulative recurrence/ progression rate of patients with R any resection in different M stage by the IASLC/ITMIG TNM staging proposal (Log-rank).Kaplan-Meier生存曲线:按照IASLC/ITMIG TNM分期,Rany切除的患者在不同M分期总体生存率(Log-rank)。Kaplan-Meier survival curves: Overall survival of patients with R any resection in different M stage by the 8th edition TNM staging (Log-rank).基于所提出的新的TNM分期,Ⅰ期R0切除患者累积复发率低于Ⅱ期或Ⅲ期(P值分别为P < 0.001,P < 0.001),Ⅱ期和Ⅲa期之间差异无明显统计学意义(P=0.963)。所有患者中Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期患者之间总生存率无明显差异(P=0.694),Ⅱ期和Ⅲ期患者之间总生存亦无明显差异(P=0.718)。Ⅲa期患者的总生存率优于Ⅲb期患者(P < 0.001),Ⅳb期患者总生存率最差。此外,Ⅲb期和Ⅳa期患者之间总生存无统计学差异(P < 0.312),Ⅳa期和Ⅳb期之间也无统计学差异(P < 0.315)(图 10,表 8)。
Kaplan-Meier生存曲线:按照IASLC/ITMIG TNM分期,Rany切除的患者在不同分期总体生存率(Log-rank)。Kaplan-Meier survival curves: Overall survival of patients with any R resection in different stage by the IASLC/ITMIG TNM staging proposal (Log-rank).IASLC/ITMIG TNM分期的差异Differences between the IASLC/ITMIG TNM staging proposal categories
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