John M Schreiber1, Phillip L Pearl2, Irene Dustin3, Edythe Wiggs3, Emily Barrios2, Eric M Wassermann4, K Michael Gibson5, William H Theodore3. 1. Clinical Epilepsy Section, Bethesda, MD, USA. jschreib@childrensnational.org. 2. Department of Child Neurology, Children's National Medical Center (CNMC), Washington, DC, USA. 3. Clinical Epilepsy Section, Bethesda, MD, USA. 4. Cognitive Neuroscience Section, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA. 5. Experimental and Systems Pharmacology, Washington State University (WSU), Spokane, WA, USA.
Abstract
AIM: We tested the hypothesis that patients with succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) deficiency ontaurine would have decreased cortical excitability as measured by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and improved cognition, due to taurine's partial GABA(A and B) receptor agonist effects and rescue in the null mouse model from status epilepticus and premature lethality. METHOD: Biomarkers including neuropsychological testing, TMS, and CSF metabolites were studied in a cohort of patients on and off three months' taurine treatment. RESULTS:Seven patients (5M/2F; age range 12-33 years) were enrolled in this open-label crossover study. Baseline average full-scale IQ (FSIQ) was 44.1 (range 34-55). Of six who returned at 6-month follow-up, five completed cognitive testing (3M/2F) on therapy; average FSIQ = 43.4 (range 33-51). CSF biomarkers (n = 4 subjects) revealed elevation in taurine levels but no change in free or total GABA. Baseline cortical excitability measured with TMS agreed with previous findings in this population, with a short cortical silent period and lack of long-interval intracortical inhibition. Patients on taurine showed a decrease in cortical silent period and short-interval intracortical inhibition compared to their off taurine study. INTERPRETATION:TMS demonstrated decreased inhibition in patients on taurine, in contrast to the study hypothesis, but consistent with its failure to produce clinical or cognitive improvement. TMS may be a useful biomarker for therapy in pediatric neurotransmitter disorders.
RCT Entities:
AIM: We tested the hypothesis that patients with succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) deficiency on taurine would have decreased cortical excitability as measured by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and improved cognition, due to taurine's partial GABA(A and B) receptor agonist effects and rescue in the null mouse model from status epilepticus and premature lethality. METHOD: Biomarkers including neuropsychological testing, TMS, and CSF metabolites were studied in a cohort of patients on and off three months' taurine treatment. RESULTS: Seven patients (5M/2F; age range 12-33 years) were enrolled in this open-label crossover study. Baseline average full-scale IQ (FSIQ) was 44.1 (range 34-55). Of six who returned at 6-month follow-up, five completed cognitive testing (3M/2F) on therapy; average FSIQ = 43.4 (range 33-51). CSF biomarkers (n = 4 subjects) revealed elevation in taurine levels but no change in free or total GABA. Baseline cortical excitability measured with TMS agreed with previous findings in this population, with a short cortical silent period and lack of long-interval intracortical inhibition. Patients on taurine showed a decrease in cortical silent period and short-interval intracortical inhibition compared to their off taurine study. INTERPRETATION: TMS demonstrated decreased inhibition in patients on taurine, in contrast to the study hypothesis, but consistent with its failure to produce clinical or cognitive improvement. TMS may be a useful biomarker for therapy in pediatric neurotransmitter disorders.
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