Naijin Zhang1, Shuang Chen2, Yintao Chen3, Xiaofan Guo4, Guozhe Sun5, Hao Qian6, Yingxian Sun7. 1. Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China. Electronic address: 1640917750@qq.com. 2. Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China. Electronic address: 535883890@qq.com. 3. Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China. Electronic address: 905058009@qq.com. 4. Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China. Electronic address: 348061760@qq.com. 5. Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China. Electronic address: gzhsun66@163.com. 6. Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China. Electronic address: qianhaocmu@126.com. 7. Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China. Electronic address: yxsun@mail.cmu.edu.cn.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To ascertain whether sleep abnormalities including daytime sleepiness, snoring, apnea, sleep disruption and sleep duration abnormity are significantly associated with hyperhomocysteinemia (Hhcy). METHODS: A total of 5992 participants were involved in the cross-sectional study. Sleep abnormalities were evaluated by a structured questionnaire. Hhcy was defined as plasma levels of homocysteine ≥15μm/L. RESULTS: After adjustment for age, gender, education, current smoking status and current drinking status, daytime sleepiness (OR, 1.597; 95%CI, 1.210-2.110, P=0.001), sleep duration <6h (OR, 1.273; 95%CI, 1.063-1.524, P=0.009) and sleep duration >8h (OR, 1.205; 95%CI, 1.065-1.364, P=0.003) were significantly associated with Hhcy. While snoring (OR, 1.065; 95%CI, 0.950-1.195, P=0.279), apnea (OR, 1.170; 95%CI, 0.924-1.482, P=0.193), and sleep disruption (OR, 1.065; 95%CI, 0.852-1.331, P=0.580) were not. After further adjustment for body mass index, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, total cholesterol, physical activity, diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, depression, glomerular filtration rate, hypertension and hyperuricemia, still the increased OR could be found in the daytime sleepiness group (OR, 1.569; 95%CI, 1.145-2.150, P=0.005). However, sleep duration <6h (OR, 1.067; 95%CI, 0.788-1.445, P=0.676) and sleep duration >8h groups (OR, 1.080; 95%CI, 0.883-1.320, P=0.453) were no longer significantly associated with Hhcy. CONCLUSIONS: Daytime sleepiness, but not sleep duration abnormity, snoring, apnea and sleep disruption was an independent risk factor for Hhcy.
OBJECTIVE: To ascertain whether sleep abnormalities including daytime sleepiness, snoring, apnea, sleep disruption and sleep duration abnormity are significantly associated with hyperhomocysteinemia (Hhcy). METHODS: A total of 5992 participants were involved in the cross-sectional study. Sleep abnormalities were evaluated by a structured questionnaire. Hhcy was defined as plasma levels of homocysteine ≥15μm/L. RESULTS: After adjustment for age, gender, education, current smoking status and current drinking status, daytime sleepiness (OR, 1.597; 95%CI, 1.210-2.110, P=0.001), sleep duration <6h (OR, 1.273; 95%CI, 1.063-1.524, P=0.009) and sleep duration >8h (OR, 1.205; 95%CI, 1.065-1.364, P=0.003) were significantly associated with Hhcy. While snoring (OR, 1.065; 95%CI, 0.950-1.195, P=0.279), apnea (OR, 1.170; 95%CI, 0.924-1.482, P=0.193), and sleep disruption (OR, 1.065; 95%CI, 0.852-1.331, P=0.580) were not. After further adjustment for body mass index, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, total cholesterol, physical activity, diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, depression, glomerular filtration rate, hypertension and hyperuricemia, still the increased OR could be found in the daytime sleepiness group (OR, 1.569; 95%CI, 1.145-2.150, P=0.005). However, sleep duration <6h (OR, 1.067; 95%CI, 0.788-1.445, P=0.676) and sleep duration >8h groups (OR, 1.080; 95%CI, 0.883-1.320, P=0.453) were no longer significantly associated with Hhcy. CONCLUSIONS:Daytime sleepiness, but not sleep duration abnormity, snoring, apnea and sleep disruption was an independent risk factor for Hhcy.