Dirk Vissers1, Wendy Hens, Dominique Hansen, Jan Taeymans. 1. 1Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, BELGIUM; 2Lunex International University of Health, Exercise and Sports, Differdange, LUXEMBOURG; 3Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomed/Reval-Rehabilitation Research Center, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, BELGIUM; 4Faculty of Sport and Rehabilitation Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, BELGIUM; 5Faculty of Health, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, SWITZERLAND.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Excess visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in children with obesity is associated with the development of cardiovascular and metabolic disease. This meta-analysis investigated if lifestyle interventions can reduce VAT in overweight and obese youth. METHODS: Pubmed, Cochrane, and PEDro were searched for clinical trials that objectively assessed VAT and included study arms with supervised diet, exercise, or a combination of both. If there was a no-therapy control group, the data of the control group and the intervention groups were used to meta-analyze the data. In all other cases, the preintervention and the postintervention data were used to meta-analyze. Effect sizes were calculated as standardized mean differences or changes of VAT and expressed as Hedges' g. RESULTS: The overall weighted mean effect size on VAT of all included interventions was -0.69 (95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.90 to -0.48) (P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that the overall weighted mean effect size of diet-only interventions on VAT was 0.23 (95% CI = -0.22 to 0.68) (P = 0.311). Interventions that combined diet and exercise showed a pooled effect size on VAT of -0.55 (95% CI = -0.75 to -0.39) (P < 0.001). The pooled effect size of exercise-only interventions on VAT was -0.85 (95% CI = -1.20 to -0.57) (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Supervised exercise-only or combined diet and exercise interventions can reduce VAT in overweight and obese children and adolescents. The strongest effect was found in exercise-only groups. However, high-quality randomized controlled trials describing the effect of supervised dietary interventions on VAT in children are lacking.
OBJECTIVE: Excess visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in children with obesity is associated with the development of cardiovascular and metabolic disease. This meta-analysis investigated if lifestyle interventions can reduce VAT in overweight and obese youth. METHODS: Pubmed, Cochrane, and PEDro were searched for clinical trials that objectively assessed VAT and included study arms with supervised diet, exercise, or a combination of both. If there was a no-therapy control group, the data of the control group and the intervention groups were used to meta-analyze the data. In all other cases, the preintervention and the postintervention data were used to meta-analyze. Effect sizes were calculated as standardized mean differences or changes of VAT and expressed as Hedges' g. RESULTS: The overall weighted mean effect size on VAT of all included interventions was -0.69 (95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.90 to -0.48) (P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that the overall weighted mean effect size of diet-only interventions on VAT was 0.23 (95% CI = -0.22 to 0.68) (P = 0.311). Interventions that combined diet and exercise showed a pooled effect size on VAT of -0.55 (95% CI = -0.75 to -0.39) (P < 0.001). The pooled effect size of exercise-only interventions on VAT was -0.85 (95% CI = -1.20 to -0.57) (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Supervised exercise-only or combined diet and exercise interventions can reduce VAT in overweight and obesechildren and adolescents. The strongest effect was found in exercise-only groups. However, high-quality randomized controlled trials describing the effect of supervised dietary interventions on VAT in children are lacking.
Authors: Katrin A Dias; Charlotte B Ingul; Arnt E Tjønna; Shelley E Keating; Sjaan R Gomersall; Turid Follestad; Mansoureh S Hosseini; Siri M Hollekim-Strand; Torstein B Ro; Margrete Haram; Else Marie Huuse; Peter S W Davies; Peter A Cain; Gary M Leong; Jeff S Coombes Journal: Sports Med Date: 2018-03 Impact factor: 11.136
Authors: Katrin A Dias; Joyce S Ramos; Matthew P Wallen; Peter S W Davies; Peter A Cain; Gary M Leong; Charlotte B Ingul; Jeff S Coombes; Shelley E Keating Journal: J Obes Date: 2019-11-03