J A Shariff1, K C Lee2, A Leyton3, S Abdalal4. 1. Section of Population Oral Health, Columbia University, College of Dental Medicine, 630W, 168st, 17th floor, suite 306, New York, NY 10032, USA. Electronic address: jas2400@cumc.columbia.edu. 2. Columbia University, College of Dental Medicine, 630W, 168st, 8th Floor, New York, NY 10032, USA. Electronic address: kcl2136@cumc.columbia.edu. 3. Department of Global Health Systems and Development, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, 22nd Floor, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA. Electronic address: aleyton@tulane.edu. 4. Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA. Electronic address: sabdalal@tulane.edu.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine the efficacy of topical chlorhexidine as an intervention on neonatal umbilical cord stumps and its association with neonatal mortality and omphalitis. STUDY DESIGN: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). METHOD: PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, IMSEAR, Google Scholar, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register and Clinicaltrials.gov were screened until September 1, 2015 to identify RCTs that met the inclusion criteria. Pooled relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. RESULTS: Five RCTs, conducted in Italy, Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan and India with a total of 55,008 participants were identified. Analysis revealed a significant reduction in the incidence of neonatal mortality among the intervention group as compared to the control group (pooled RR = 0.8; 95% CI: 0.6-1.0; P = 0.04; random effects model, I2 = 58%; χ2 = 9.5; P = 0.05). Additionally, decreased incidence in omphalitis was seen in the intervention group as compared to the control group (pooled RR = 0.4; 95% CI: 0.3-0.7; P < 0.001; random effects model, I2 = 50%; χ2 = 8.0; P = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS: Application of chlorhexidine to newborn umbilical cord stumps, significantly reduce the incidences of both neonatal mortality and omphalitis. However, high-quality trials from different regions and obstetric settings may help form more conclusive judgement on universal application of topical chlorhexidine.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the efficacy of topical chlorhexidine as an intervention on neonatal umbilical cord stumps and its association with neonatal mortality and omphalitis. STUDY DESIGN: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). METHOD: PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, IMSEAR, Google Scholar, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register and Clinicaltrials.gov were screened until September 1, 2015 to identify RCTs that met the inclusion criteria. Pooled relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. RESULTS: Five RCTs, conducted in Italy, Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan and India with a total of 55,008 participants were identified. Analysis revealed a significant reduction in the incidence of neonatal mortality among the intervention group as compared to the control group (pooled RR = 0.8; 95% CI: 0.6-1.0; P = 0.04; random effects model, I2 = 58%; χ2 = 9.5; P = 0.05). Additionally, decreased incidence in omphalitis was seen in the intervention group as compared to the control group (pooled RR = 0.4; 95% CI: 0.3-0.7; P < 0.001; random effects model, I2 = 50%; χ2 = 8.0; P = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS: Application of chlorhexidine to newborn umbilical cord stumps, significantly reduce the incidences of both neonatal mortality and omphalitis. However, high-quality trials from different regions and obstetric settings may help form more conclusive judgement on universal application of topical chlorhexidine.
Authors: Jeremy John Hoffman; Reena Yadav; Sandip Das Sanyam; Pankaj Chaudhary; Abhishek Roshan; Sanjay Kumar Singh; Simon Arunga; Einoti Matayan; David Macleod; Helen Anne Weiss; Astrid Leck; Victor Hu; Matthew J Burton Journal: BMJ Open Date: 2020-09-30 Impact factor: 2.692
Authors: Simon Arunga; Tumu Mbarak; Abel Ebong; James Mwesigye; Dan Kuguminkiriza; Abeer H A Mohamed-Ahmed; Jeremy John Hoffman; Astrid Leck; Victor Hu; Matthew Burton Journal: BMJ Open Ophthalmol Date: 2021-07-05