Yasutaka Ojio1, Atsushi Nishida2, Shinji Shimodera3, Fumiharu Togo1, Tsukasa Sasaki1. 1. Department of Physical and Health Education, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan. 2. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan. 3. Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kochi University School of Medicine, Kochi, Japan.
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES: To investigate sleep duration associated with the least depression/anxiety in adolescence. METHODS: Grades 7-12 Japanese students (n = 18,250, aged 12-18 y) from public junior high/high schools were studied in a cross-sectional design. Due to missing/implausible data, 15,637 out of the 18,250 students were statistically analyzed. Relationship between sleep duration on school nights and depression/anxiety, measured using self-report questionnaires, including the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), were studied by sex and grade, controlling for bedtime regularity. RESULTS: When sleep duration was classified by 1-h intervals, rate of adolescents with a GHQ-12 score ≥ 4 was the lowest in males and females who slept 8.5-9.5 h and 7.5-8.5 h, respectively, (designated "references") in both grades 7-9 and 10-12. The rate was significantly higher than the references in both males and females who slept < 7.5 h, regardless of grade (P < 0.05, logistic regression). GHQ-12 tended to be worse in adolescents (2.0%-13.5%) who slept longer than the references. Sleep duration for the minimum GHQ-12 score was estimated to be 8.8 and 8.5 h in males, and 8.0 and 7.5 h in females, in grades 7-9 and 10-12, respectively, using the General Additive Model. CONCLUSIONS: Sleep duration of ≥ 8.5 h on school nights may be associated with the lowest risk of depression/anxiety on average in male adolescents. Although the duration was estimated to be shorter in females (≥ 7.5 h) than males, this should be interpreted carefully. Most adolescents may currently be sleeping less than the optimal duration. COMMENTARY: A commentary on this article appears in this issue on page 1491.
STUDY OBJECTIVES: To investigate sleep duration associated with the least depression/anxiety in adolescence. METHODS: Grades 7-12 Japanese students (n = 18,250, aged 12-18 y) from public junior high/high schools were studied in a cross-sectional design. Due to missing/implausible data, 15,637 out of the 18,250 students were statistically analyzed. Relationship between sleep duration on school nights and depression/anxiety, measured using self-report questionnaires, including the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), were studied by sex and grade, controlling for bedtime regularity. RESULTS: When sleep duration was classified by 1-h intervals, rate of adolescents with a GHQ-12 score ≥ 4 was the lowest in males and females who slept 8.5-9.5 h and 7.5-8.5 h, respectively, (designated "references") in both grades 7-9 and 10-12. The rate was significantly higher than the references in both males and females who slept < 7.5 h, regardless of grade (P < 0.05, logistic regression). GHQ-12 tended to be worse in adolescents (2.0%-13.5%) who slept longer than the references. Sleep duration for the minimum GHQ-12 score was estimated to be 8.8 and 8.5 h in males, and 8.0 and 7.5 h in females, in grades 7-9 and 10-12, respectively, using the General Additive Model. CONCLUSIONS: Sleep duration of ≥ 8.5 h on school nights may be associated with the lowest risk of depression/anxiety on average in male adolescents. Although the duration was estimated to be shorter in females (≥ 7.5 h) than males, this should be interpreted carefully. Most adolescents may currently be sleeping less than the optimal duration. COMMENTARY: A commentary on this article appears in this issue on page 1491.
Authors: Ronald C Kessler; Patricia Berglund; Olga Demler; Robert Jin; Kathleen R Merikangas; Ellen E Walters Journal: Arch Gen Psychiatry Date: 2005-06
Authors: Kate Ryan Kuhlman; Jessica J Chiang; Julienne E Bower; Michael R Irwin; Steve W Cole; Ronald E Dahl; David M Almeida; Andrew J Fuligni Journal: J Abnorm Child Psychol Date: 2020-01
Authors: Tamar Shochat; David H Barker; Katherine M Sharkey; Eliza Van Reen; Brandy M Roane; Mary A Carskadon Journal: J Sleep Res Date: 2017-06-02 Impact factor: 3.981
Authors: Tiffany C Ho; Rutvik Shah; Jyoti Mishra; April C May; Susan F Tapert Journal: J Child Psychol Psychiatry Date: 2022-03-21 Impact factor: 8.265
Authors: Kate Ryan Kuhlman; Jessica J Chiang; Julienne E Bower; Michael R Irwin; Teresa E Seeman; Heather E McCreath; David M Almeida; Ronald E Dahl; Andrew J Fuligni Journal: Dev Psychopathol Date: 2020-08