Eke G Gruppen1, Margery A Connelly2, Priya Vart3, James D Otvos2, Stephan Jl Bakker4, Robin Pf Dullaart5. 1. Departments of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; e.g.gruppen@umcg.nl. 2. LipoScience, Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, Raleigh, NC; and. 3. Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. 4. Departments of Nephrology and. 5. Endocrinology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands;
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The extent to which dietary sodium intake may confer alterations in the inflammatory status is unclear. GlycA is a novel proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-measured biomarker of systemic inflammation, which is associated with the development of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. OBJECTIVE: We determined associations of the inflammatory markers GlycA and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) with 24-h sodium excretion. DESIGN: A cross-sectional, population-based study was performed in 3935 subjects who were not using an antihypertensive medication, lipid-lowering drugs, or a glucose-lowering treatment. Urinary sodium excretion was calculated as the mean of two 24-h urine excretions. Linear regression models were used, with 24-h sodium excretion as an independent variable and GlycA or ln hsCRP as a dependent variable. RESULTS: The mean ± SD sodium excretion was 143.0 ± 53.4 mmol/24 h. The GlycA concentration was 343.6 ± 58.7 μmol/L, and the geometric mean of the hsCRP concentration was 1.20 mg/L (95% CI: 1.16, 1.25 mg/L). In age- and sex-adjusted analyses, GlycA and ln hsCRP were not significantly associated with 24-h sodium excretion [B: 1.23 (95% CI: -0.67, 3.13; P = 0.21) and 0.03 (95% CI: -0.004, 0.07; P = 0.08), respectively, per 1-SD increase]. After additional adjustment for body mass index (BMI), both GlycA (B: -2.76; 95% CI: -4.65, -0.86; P = 0.004) and ln hsCRP (B: -0.07; 95% CI: -0.11, -0.04; P < 0.001) were inversely associated with 24-h sodium excretion. These associations were similar if adjustment was performed for waist circumference instead of BMI or if additional adjustment was performed for relevant clinical and laboratory variables and were particularly present in men. CONCLUSIONS: The proinflammatory biomarkers GlycA and hsCRP are inversely related to higher 24-h sodium excretion when taking into account the variation in adiposity. These inverse relations remain present after taking into account other covariates.
BACKGROUND: The extent to which dietary sodium intake may confer alterations in the inflammatory status is unclear. GlycA is a novel proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-measured biomarker of systemic inflammation, which is associated with the development of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. OBJECTIVE: We determined associations of the inflammatory markers GlycA and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) with 24-h sodium excretion. DESIGN: A cross-sectional, population-based study was performed in 3935 subjects who were not using an antihypertensive medication, lipid-lowering drugs, or a glucose-lowering treatment. Urinary sodium excretion was calculated as the mean of two 24-h urine excretions. Linear regression models were used, with 24-h sodium excretion as an independent variable and GlycA or ln hsCRP as a dependent variable. RESULTS: The mean ± SD sodium excretion was 143.0 ± 53.4 mmol/24 h. The GlycA concentration was 343.6 ± 58.7 μmol/L, and the geometric mean of the hsCRP concentration was 1.20 mg/L (95% CI: 1.16, 1.25 mg/L). In age- and sex-adjusted analyses, GlycA and ln hsCRP were not significantly associated with 24-h sodium excretion [B: 1.23 (95% CI: -0.67, 3.13; P = 0.21) and 0.03 (95% CI: -0.004, 0.07; P = 0.08), respectively, per 1-SD increase]. After additional adjustment for body mass index (BMI), both GlycA (B: -2.76; 95% CI: -4.65, -0.86; P = 0.004) and ln hsCRP (B: -0.07; 95% CI: -0.11, -0.04; P < 0.001) were inversely associated with 24-h sodium excretion. These associations were similar if adjustment was performed for waist circumference instead of BMI or if additional adjustment was performed for relevant clinical and laboratory variables and were particularly present in men. CONCLUSIONS: The proinflammatory biomarkers GlycA and hsCRP are inversely related to higher 24-h sodium excretion when taking into account the variation in adiposity. These inverse relations remain present after taking into account other covariates.
Authors: Peter R van Dijk; Joëlle C Schutten; Elias J Jeyarajah; Jenny E Kootstra-Ros; Margery A Connelly; Stephan J L Bakker; Robin P F Dullaart Journal: Diabetologia Date: 2019-06-27 Impact factor: 10.122
Authors: Katherine J Overwyk; Zerleen S Quader; Joyce Maalouf; Marlana Bates; Jacqui Webster; Mary G George; Robert K Merritt; Mary E Cogswell Journal: Adv Nutr Date: 2020-09-01 Impact factor: 8.701
Authors: Michael V Holmes; Iona Y Millwood; Christiana Kartsonaki; Michael R Hill; Derrick A Bennett; Ruth Boxall; Yu Guo; Xin Xu; Zheng Bian; Ruying Hu; Robin G Walters; Junshi Chen; Mika Ala-Korpela; Sarah Parish; Robert J Clarke; Richard Peto; Rory Collins; Liming Li; Zhengming Chen Journal: J Am Coll Cardiol Date: 2018-02-13 Impact factor: 24.094
Authors: Joëlle C Schutten; António W Gomes-Neto; Gerjan Navis; Ron T Gansevoort; Robin P F Dullaart; Jenny E Kootstra-Ros; Richard M Danel; Frans Goorman; Rijk O B Gans; Martin H de Borst; Elias J Jeyarajah; Irina Shalaurova; James D Otvos; Margery A Connelly; Stephan J L Bakker Journal: J Clin Med Date: 2019-02-01 Impact factor: 4.241